Integrasi Latihan Visuomotor dalam Pembelajaran Bola Basket: Strategi Pengembangan Keterampilan Passing di Lingkungan Sekolah - Negara, Lalu Istia; Kesuma, Dadang Warta Candra Wijaya; Muhammad Salabi; Muhaimin, Ali (Empiricism Journal, 2025)
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh model latihan passing bola basket berbasis koordinasi mata–tangan terhadap kemampuan passing siswa putra peserta ekstrakurikuler bola basket di SMA Negeri 1 Aikmel. Kesenjangan penelitian (research gap) yang mendasari studi ini adalah terbatasnya penerapan model latihan berbasis integrasi visual–motorik dalam konteks pendidikan menengah di Indonesia, meskipun efektivitasnya telah banyak dibuktikan pada populasi atlet profesional. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain pre-test–post-test control group yang melibatkan dua kelompok (eksperimen dan kontrol), masing-masing terdiri atas 20 siswa. Instrumen pengukuran mencakup Basketball Passing Accuracy Test untuk menilai akurasi dan kekuatan operan serta Timed Tennis Ball Catch Test untuk mengukur koordinasi mata–tangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t dua sampel independen setelah melalui uji normalitas dan homogenitas sebagai prasyarat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol (p = 0,002 < 0,05), menandakan bahwa latihan berbasis koordinasi mata–tangan secara efektif meningkatkan kemampuan passing bola basket. Peningkatan tersebut mencakup aspek akurasi, kekuatan, serta kecepatan reaksi terhadap stimulus visual. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi komponen persepsi dan gerak motorik memperkuat koneksi neuromuskular dan efisiensi gerak. Secara praktis, model latihan ini relevan untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani dan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler guna mengoptimalkan penguasaan teknik dasar siswa. Abstract This study aims to analyze the effect of a basketball passing training model based on eye-hand coordination on the passing ability of male students participating in basketball extracurricular activities at SMA Negeri 1 Aikmel. The research gap underlying this study is the limited application of visual-motor integration-based training models in the context of secondary education in Indonesia. However, their effectiveness has been widely demonstrated in professional athlete populations. The study used a quantitative method with a pre-test–post-test control group design involving two groups (experimental and control), each consisting of 20 students. The measurement instruments included the Basketball Passing Accuracy Test to assess pass accuracy and power, and the Timed Tennis Ball Catch Test to measure eye-hand coordination. Data were analyzed using an independent two-sample t-test after undergoing normality and homogeneity tests as prerequisites. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p = 0.002 < 0.05), indicating that eye-hand coordination-based training effectively improves basketball passing ability. These improvements include aspects of accuracy, power, and reaction speed to visual stimuli. These findings confirm that the integration of perceptual and motoric components strengthens neuromuscular connections and movement efficiency. Practically, this training model is relevant to be applied in physical education learning and extracurricular activities to optimize students’ mastery of basic techniques.