Temporal Analysis of Air Pollution Effects on Cardiovascular Diseases and Mortality in Ahvaz, Iran
Downloads
In recent decades, air pollution has emerged as a significant environmental concern in major urban centers across Iran, exerting a profound impact on public health. This article aims to investigate the temporal correlation between air pollution and the incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Utilizing secondary analysis of environmental data, hospital records, and mortality registries from Ahvaz, Iran, in 2016, our study elucidates these relationships. Our findings reveal a heightened susceptibility among men to both cardiovascular disease onset and mortality compared to women, with individuals aged 55-64 exhibiting increased vulnerability to cardiovascular diseases. The results of multivariate analysis indicate that the optimal time model, explaining 60% of the variance, is observed 23 days after pollutant emission for cardiovascular disease incidence. Conversely, for cardiovascular mortality, the most effective time model, explaining 6.5 percent of the variance, aligns with elevated air pollution levels on the same day. Notably, various pollutants, including toluene, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM2.5, and PM10, exhibit distinct temporal patterns, significantly influencing cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, toluene, benzene, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and PM10 emerge as primary contributors to cardiovascular mortality, each demonstrating unique temporal effects. Our study further delves into the emergence of time-delayed and oscillatory patterns in the impact of air pollution on cardiovascular diseases and mortality. This study highlights the necessity of evaluating the efficacy of individual pollutants separately. Consequently, the development of effective policies and programs aimed at mitigating pollutants and their temporal repercussions on health is crucial for curtailing and managing the health complications associated with cardiovascular diseases.
Downloads
Abbasi-Shavazi, M. J., Chavoshi, M. H., Koosheshi, M., & Naghavi, M. (2005). Chapter VIII Trends and Emerging Issues of Health and Mortality in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Emerging Issues of Health and Mortality in the Asian and Pacific Region, 2001(163), 147.
Amâncio, C. T., & Nascimento, L. F. C. (2012). Asthma and air pollutants: a time series study. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira (English Edition), 58(3), 302-307.
Bazgeer, S., Ghadiri Masoum, M., Shamsipour, A., & Sayedi Serenjiane, S. (2015). Relationship Analysis of Air Pollution of Tehran with Traffic and Atmospheric Conditions for Hazards Mitigation. Environmental Management Hazards, 2(1), 35-49.
Callaghan, D. M. (2003). Health-promoting self-care behaviors, self-care self-efficacy, and self-care agency. Nursing Science Quarterly, 16(3), 247-254.
Caselli, G., Meslé, F., & Vallin, J. (2002). Epidemiologic transition theory exceptions. Genus, 9-51.
Chen, Z. X. Huang and Q. Wang. (2009). "The Effect of Air Pollutioh in China: A Macro evaluation." 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. Beijing, China,, pp.1-4, doi:10.1109/ICBBE.2009.5163594
Fattore, E., Paiano, V., Borgini, A., Tittarelli, A., Bertoldi, M., Crosignani, P., & Fanelli, R. (2011). Human health risk in relation to air quality in two municipalities in an industrialized area of Northern Italy. Environmental research, 111(8), 1321-1327.
Goldberg, M. S., Burnett, R. T., Valois, M.-F., Flegel, K., Bailar Iii, J. C., Brook, J., Vincent, R., & Radon, K. (2003). Associations between ambient air pollution and daily mortality among persons with congestive heart failure. Environmental research, 91(1), 8-20.
Grossman, G. M., & Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement. In: National Bureau of economic research Cambridge, Mass., USA.
Guo, Y., Zeng, H., Zheng, R., Li, S., Pereira, G., Liu, Q., Chen, W., & Huxley, R. (2017). The burden of lung cancer mortality attributable to fine particles in China. Science of the total environment, 579, 1460-1466.
Heerink, N., Mulatu, A., & Bulte, E. (2001). Income inequality and the environment: aggregation bias in environmental Kuznets curves. Ecological Economics, 38(3), 359-367.
Hernandez, J. B. R., & Kim, P. Y. (2020). Epidemiology morbidity and mortality. StatPearls.
Hoek, G., Krishnan, R. M., Beelen, R., Peters, A., Ostro, B., Brunekreef, B., & Kaufman, J. D. (2013). Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory mortality: a review. Environmental health, 12, 1-16.
Holtz-Eakin, D., & Selden, T. M. (1995). Stoking the fires? CO2 emissions and economic growth. Journal of public economics, 57(1), 85-101.
Hosseini, V., & Shahbazi, H. (2016). Urban air pollution in Iran. Iranian Studies, 49(6), 1029-1046.
Hou, Q., An, X., Wang, Y., & Guo, J. (2010). An evaluation of resident exposure to respirable particulate matter and health economic loss in Beijing during Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Science of the total environment, 408(19), 4026-4032.
Keates, A. K., Mocumbi, A. O., Ntsekhe, M., Sliwa, K., & Stewart, S. (2017). Cardiovascular disease in Africa: epidemiological profile and challenges. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 14(5), 273-293.
Kelishadi, R., & Poursafa, P. (2010). Air pollution and non-respiratory health hazards for children. Archives of Medical Science, 6(4), 483-495.
Kim, K.-H., Kabir, E., & Kabir, S. (2015). A review on the human health impact of airborne particulate matter. Environment international, 74, 136-143.
Kraemer, K., Cordaro, J., Fanzo, J., Gibney, M., Kennedy, E., Labrique, A., Steffen, J., & Eggersdorfer, M. (2016). Diet and non-communicable diseases: an urgent need for new paradigms. In Good nutrition: Perspectives for the 21st century (pp. 105-118). Karger Publishers.
Lee, B.-J., Kim, B., & Lee, K. (2014). Air pollution exposure and cardiovascular disease. Toxicological research, 30(2), 71-75.
Li, S., Shi, J., & Wu, Q. (2020). Environmental Kuznets curve: Empirical relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in upper-middle-income regions of China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(19), 6971.
Manisalidis, I., Stavropoulou, E., Stavropoulos, A., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2020). Environmental and health impacts of air pollution: a review. Frontiers in public health, 8, 505570.
Mannucci, P. M., & Franchini, M. (2017). Health effects of ambient air pollution in developing countries. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(9), 1048.
McKeown, R. E. (2009). The epidemiologic transition: changing patterns of mortality and population dynamics. American journal of lifestyle medicine, 3(1_suppl), 19S-26S.
Mirzaie, M., Sadeghi, R., Jafarzadeh Haghighifard, N., & Sadeghi, H. A. (2020). The Effect of Air Pollution on Morbidity in Ahvaz City in 2016. Journal of Population Association of Iran, 15(29), 61-94.
Moore, F. C. (2009). Climate change and air pollution: exploring the synergies and potential for mitigation in industrializing countries. Sustainability, 1(1), 43-54.
Moran, A., Gu, D., Zhao, D., Coxson, P., Wang, Y. C., Chen, C.-S., Liu, J., Cheng, J., Bibbins-Domingo, K., & Shen, Y.-M. (2010). Future cardiovascular disease in China: Markov model and risk factor scenario projections from the coronary heart disease policy model–China. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 3(3), 243-252.
Morshedi, A., & Mirzaii, S. (2011). Fine air particles and their relation with the health of people in southern Busher province. 14th National Congress on Environmental Health.
Northrup, R. S. (1986). Decision making for health care in developing countries. consequences of mortality trens and differential.
Omram, A. R. (2001). The epidemiologic transition: a theory of the epidemiology of population change. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79(2), 161-170.
O'Toole, T. E., Zheng, Y.-T., Hellmann, J., Conklin, D. J., Barski, O., & Bhatnagar, A. (2009). Acrolein activates matrix metalloproteinases by increasing reactive oxygen species in macrophages. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 236(2), 194-201.
Rajagopalan, S., Al-Kindi, S. G., & Brook, R. D. (2018). Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: JACC state-of-the-art review. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 72(17), 2054-2070.
Routledge, H., Ayres, J. G., & Townend, J. (2003). Why cardiologists should be interested in air pollution. Heart, 89(12), 1383-1388.
Sadeghi, H. A. (2018). Investigating the Role of Balance of Population and Economic Growth in Achieving Sustainable Economic Growth (Case Study: Upper-Middle Income Countries during 1985 to 2016). International Journal of Applied Research in Management and Economics, 1(2), 1-8.
Sengupta, R. (1996). CO2 emission-income relationship: policy approach for climate control.
Sousa, S., Pires, J., Martins, E., Fortes, J., Alvim-Ferraz, M., & Martins, F. (2012). Short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory morbidity at Rio de Janeiro—Part II: Health assessment. Environment international, 43, 1-5.
Tolley, H., Snowdon, W., Wate, J., Durand, A. M., Vivili, P., McCool, J., Novotny, R., Dewes, O., Hoy, D., & Bell, C. (2016). Monitoring and accountability for the Pacific response to the non-communicable diseases crisis. BMC public health, 16, 1-12.
USGCRP. (2009). Global climate change impacts in the United States. Cambridge University Press.
Uzoigwe, J. C., Prum, T., Bresnahan, E., & Garelnabi, M. (2013). The emerging role of outdoor and indoor air pollution in cardiovascular disease. North American journal of medical sciences, 5(8), 445.
WHO. (2014). WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: household fuel combustion. World Health Organization.
WHO. (2016). Burden of disease from ambient and household air pollution. In: World Health Organization.
WHO. (2020). Personal interventions and risk communication on air pollution: summary report of WHO expert consultation, 12-14 February 2019, Geneva, Switzerland.
WHOa. (2020). Personal interventions and risk communication on air pollution: summary report of WHO expert consultation, 12-14 February 2019, Geneva, Switzerland.
Wong, C.-M., Vichit-Vadakan, N., Kan, H., & Qian, Z. (2008). Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA): a multicity study of short-term effects of air pollution on mortality. Environmental health perspectives, 116(9), 1195-1202.
Copyright (c) 2024 Habib Allah Sadeghi, Rasoul Sadeghi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
