Abstract
Pakistan has been slow to reap the benefits of its demographic dividend, despite the onset of fertility decline in the 1990s. However, the opportunity remains significant as total fertility rates have largely stagnated over the past 10 to 15 years, limiting the pace of demographic and economic transformation. This study explores the crucial role of family planning in accelerating fertility transition, enhancing female labor force participation, and unlocking Pakistan’s demographic dividend for sustainable economic growth. The analysis draws on nationally representative data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS 2017-18), Population Census (2017), Labor Force Surveys, and reports from international and national agencies. Using these diverse data sources alongside economic projections and relevant literature, the study identifies persistent challenges, including high unmet need for contraception and low contraceptive prevalence. The findings underscore that expanding family planning access, investing in human capital, and promoting women’s empowerment are essential to overcome stagnation, reduce dependency ratios, and achieve Pakistan’s demographic and economic potential. Coordinated policy action is critical for improving health outcomes and fostering long-term sustainable development.
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