Identifikasi Kelimpahan Dan Karakteristik Fisik Mikroplastik Pada Lahan Sawah Di Sekitar Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Sampah Jalupang Kabupaten Karawang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/jar.v4i1.2984Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kelimpahan dan karakteristik fisik mikroplastik pada lahan sawah yang berada di sekitar Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Sampah (TPAS) Jalupang, Kabupaten Karawang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposif di lima petak sawah yang berjarak kurang dari 50 meter dari TPAS. Metode yang digunakan mencakup pengambilan lumpur sedalam 0–20 cm, preparasi menggunakan metode modifikasi National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), dan identifikasi menggunakan mikroskop binokuler. Hasil menunjukkan kelimpahan mikroplastik berkisar antara 266–746 partikel/kg, Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bentuk mikroplastik dominan berupa fragmen (60%), diikuti oleh pellet (16.2%), foam (7.3%), fiber (9.6%), dan film (6.8%). Mikroplastik yang ditemukan umumnya berukuran <1 mm (82%) dan berwarna hitam (42%). Sumber mikroplastik diduga berasal dari limpasan air hujan dari TPAS, aktivitas pertanian, dan deposisi atmosferik. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa aktivitas manusia di sekitar TPA, sistem irigasi terbuka, serta faktor lingkungan seperti angin dan hujan menjadi jalur utama penyebaran mikroplastik ke lahan pertanian. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya pengelolaan sampah yang lebih baik dan perlunya edukasi kepada petani dalam penggunaan bahan yang ramah lingkungan, guna mengurangi potensi kontaminasi mikroplastik di sistem pertanian.pentingnya strategi mitigasi untuk mencegah akumulasi lebih lanjut.
Sampling was conducted purposively in five plots located within 50 meters of the TPAS. The methodology involved collecting soil samples to a depth of 0–20 cm, followed by preparation using a modified protocol from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and identification using a binocular microscope. The results indicated that microplastic abundance ranged from 266 to 746 particles per kilogram. Observations revealed that the dominant form of microplastic was fragments (60%), followed by pellets (16.2%), foam (7.3%), fibers (9.6%), and films (6.8%). Most of the detected microplastics were smaller than 1 mm (82%) and predominantly black in color (42%). The sources of microplastics are suspected to include runoff from the TPAS, agricultural activities, and atmospheric deposition. These findings suggest that human activities around the landfill site, open irrigation systems, and environmental factors such as wind and rainfall are major pathways for microplastic dispersion into agricultural land. This research emphasizes the importance of improved waste management and the need to educate farmers on the use of environmentally friendly materials to reduce the potential for microplastic contamination in agricultural systems. Mitigation strategies are crucial to prevent further accumulation.
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