Bentuk-Bentuk Kekerasan Verbal Dan Nonverbal Tokoh Perempuan Dalam Novel Nayla Karya Djenar Maesa Ayu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/jar.v4i1.3124Keywords:
Kekerasan Verbal Dan Nonverbal, Karya Sastra FeminismeAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk kekerasan verbal dan nonverbal yang dialami oleh tokoh perempuan serta representasi resistensi perempuan dalam novel Nayla yang berada dalam konstruksi budaya patriarki. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kutipan naratif, dialog antar tokoh, dan deskripsi tindakan dalam novel yang mengindikasikan bentuk kekerasan maupun resistensi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan verbal direpresentasikan melalui makian, pelabelan negatif, serta perendahan martabat yang dilakukan oleh tokoh laki-laki terhadap perempuan. Kekerasan nonverbal teridentifikasi dalam bentuk kekerasan fisik (pemukulan, pengekangan) dan kekerasan seksual. Tokoh perempuan diposisikan sebagai objek subordinat dalam relasi sosial yang didominasi nilai-nilai patriarkis dan bias gender. Meskipun demikian, resistensi perempuan terhadap penindasan ditunjukkan melalui dua bentuk: (1) resistensi tertutup, seperti diam, ketegaran, kemandirian, serta strategi bertahan hidup; dan (2) resistensi terbuka, yang tampak melalui reaksi verbal dan tindakan konfrontatif terhadap pelaku kekerasan. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa perempuan dalam novel tidak sepenuhnya pasif, tetapi memiliki daya juang dalam menghadapi sistem yang menindas.
Kata kunci: kekerasan verbal dan nonverbal, karya sastra feminisme.
This study aims to describe the forms of verbal and nonverbal violence experienced by female characters and the representation of women's resistance in the novel Nayla, which is within the construction of patriarchal culture. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a sociology of literature approach. The data in this study are in the form of narrative excerpts, dialogues between characters, and descriptions of actions in the novel that indicate forms of violence and resistance. The results of the analysis show that verbal violence is represented through insults, negative labeling, and degrading dignity carried out by male characters against women. Nonverbal violence is identified in the form of physical violence (beatings, restraints) and sexual violence. Female characters are positioned as subordinate objects in social relations dominated by patriarchal values and gender bias. However, women's resistance to oppression is shown in two forms: (1) covert resistance, such as silence, resilience, independence, and survival strategies; and (2) overt resistance, which is seen through verbal reactions and confrontational actions against perpetrators of violence. These findings indicate that women in the novel are not completely passive, but have the fighting power to face an oppressive system.
Keywords: verbal and nonverbal violence, literary works of feminis
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