Hubungan Pengetahuan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Gigi Dan Mulut Ibu Hamil K1 Dengan Gingivitis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/jar.v4iSpecialIssue.3285Keywords:
ibu hamil K1, pengetahuan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, gingivitisAbstract
Gingivitis merupakan gangguan kesehatan mulut yang sering dialami oleh ibu hamil, terutama pada kunjungan antenatal pertama (K1), akibat perubahan hormonal yang meningkatkan sensitivitas gingiva terhadap plak dan iritasi lokal. Rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil K1 mengenai pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dapat berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan periodontal dan kondisi tubuh secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil K1 tentang pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan gingivitis di Puskesmas Karanggeneng Kabupaten Lamongan. Penelitian menggunakan desain survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 37 ibu hamil K1 yang dipilih dengan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner pengetahuan serta pemeriksaan klinis gingivitis menggunakan lembar observasi berdasarkan Indeks Gingiva (Gingival Index Loe & Silness). Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil K1 mengenai pemeliharaan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan status gingivitis (r = 0,46; p = 0,003). Simpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil K1 berpengaruh terhadap kondisi kesehatan gingiva selama kehamilan.
Gingivitis is a common oral health disorder experienced by pregnant women, particularly during the first antenatal care visit (K1), due to hormonal changes that increase gingival sensitivity to plaque and local irritation. Limited knowledge of K1 pregnant women regarding oral health maintenance may negatively affect both periodontal health and overall health. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between knowledge of K1 pregnant women on oral health maintenance and gingivitis at Karanggeneng Primary Health Center, Lamongan Regency. This research employed an analytical survey with a cross-sectional design. A total of 37 K1 pregnant women were included using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a knowledge questionnaire and clinical examination of gingivitis using an observation sheet based on the Gingival Index (Loe & Silness). Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation test. The results revealed a significant correlation between knowledge of K1 pregnant women regarding oral health maintenance and gingivitis status (r = 0.46; p = 0.003). The study concludes that the level of knowledge of K1 pregnant women significantly influences gingival health during pregnancy.
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