Peran Matriks Input-Output Dalam Perencanaan Ekonomi Sektoral
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/jar.v4iSpecial%20Issue.3337Keywords:
matriks input-output, Keterkaitan Sektoral, Backward Linkage, Forward Linkage, Perencanaan Ekonomi sektoralAbstract
Matriks input-output merupakan alat analisis ekonomi yang penting untuk memahami struktur dan keterkaitan antar sektor dalam suatu perekonomian secara menyeluruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran strategis matriks input-output dalam mendukung perencanaan ekonomi sektoral yang berbasis data dan evidence-based policy. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui pemanfaatan Tabel Input-Output Nasional yang diterbitkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Analisis dilakukan dengan menghitung dua indikator utama, yaitu indeks keterkaitan ke belakang (Backward Linkage) dan keterkaitan ke depan (Forward Linkage), guna mengidentifikasi sektor-sektor yang memiliki pengaruh besar dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor industri pengolahan, pertanian, dan perdagangan memiliki nilai keterkaitan yang tinggi, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, terhadap sektor-sektor lainnya. Kondisi ini menjadikan ketiga sektor tersebut sebagai sektor unggulan yang berperan strategis dalam struktur perekonomian Indonesia. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa matriks input-output merupakan instrumen yang relevan dan komprehensif dalam menetapkan prioritas pembangunan sektoral serta mendukung penyusunan kebijakan fiskal dan pembangunan yang lebih terarah. Oleh karena itu, integrasi analisis input-output dalam proses perencanaan ekonomi nasional menjadi krusial untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pengalokasian sumber daya dan memperkuat ketahanan ekonomi nasional.
The input-output matrix is ??an important economic analysis tool for understanding the structure and interrelationships between sectors within an economy as a whole. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of the input-output matrix in supporting data-driven sectoral economic planning and evidence-based policy. The research method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach through the utilization of the National Input-Output Table published by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The analysis is conducted by calculating two main indicators, namely the Backward Linkage index and Forward Linkage, to identify sectors that have a significant influence in driving national economic growth. The results show that the manufacturing industry, agriculture, and trade sectors have high linkages, both directly and indirectly, with other sectors. This condition makes these three sectors as leading sectors that play a strategic role in the structure of the Indonesian economy. These findings confirm that the input-output matrix is ??a relevant and comprehensive instrument in determining sectoral development priorities and supporting the formulation of more targeted fiscal and development policies. Therefore, the integration of input-output analysis in the national economic planning process is crucial to increase the efficiency of resource allocation and strengthen national economic resilience.
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