Rancang Bangun Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) Fotobioreaktor Mikroalga untuk Mereduksi Emisi Karbon CO2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/jar.v4iSpecial%20Issue.3475Keywords:
Mikroalga, Fotobioreaktor, CO2Abstract
Berdasarkan data dari World Health Organization (WHO) mengatakan bahwa polusi udara merupakan masalah utama pencemaran lingkungan yang menyebabkan 7 juta kematian setiap tahunnya. Gas buang pada kendaraan bermotor berupa pollutan CO, CO2, NO, SO, dan Pb yang menjadi penyebab pencemaran udara. Mikroalga adalah tumbuha mikroskopis sel tunggal yang dapat menyerap CO2 sehingga dapat menurunkan kadar CO2 yang ada di udara. Untuk mendukung kultur dan pertumbuhan mikroalga, fotobioreaktor menjadi komponen krusial dalam penelitian ini. Fotobioreaktor adalah reaktor tembus pandang yang untuk digunakan mendukung kultivasi mikroalga dan menyerap CO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rancang bangun fotobireaktor mikroalga dan cara kerjanya, serta mengamati proses perbanyakan mikroalga dan metode tahap pemanenannya. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah dengan melakukan eksperimen dan observasi secara langsung sehingga diperoleh data asli sesuai dengan hasil pengujian prototype fotobioreactor mikroalga dalam menyerap CO2, O2 yang dihasilkan dan proses pemanenan mikroalga. Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah terciptanya rancang bangun fotobioreaktor yang menggabungkan sistem terbuka dan tertutup sehingga dapat memaksimalkan proses kultivasi mikroalga. Teknologi fotobioreaktor memungkinkan mikroalga menangkap karbon melalui proses fotosintesis, meningkatkan produktivitas mikroalga hingga dua hingga lima kali lipat dari kondisi normal.
Based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is a major environmental pollution issue that causes 7 million deaths each year. Emissions from motor vehicles, including pollutants such as CO, CO2, NO, SO, and Pb, contribute significantly to air pollution. Microalgae are microscopic single-celled plants capable of absorbing CO2 to help reduce CO2 levels in the air. To support the culture and growth of microalgae, a photobioreactor becomes a crucial component in this research. A photobioreactor is a transparent reactor equipped with media supply installations and gas emissions for culturing microalgae and absorbing CO2. This study aims to understand the design and mechanism of a microalgae photobioreactor, as well as to observe the process of microalgae propagation and the harvesting method. Data collection in this study was conducted through experiments and direct observation to obtain original data based on the results of testing a microalgae photobioreactor prototype in absorbing CO2, the O2 produced, and the microalgae harvesting process. The result obtained in this research is the construction of a photobioreactor design that combines open and closed systems to maximize the microalgae cultivation process. Photobioreactor technology allows microalgae to capture carbon through the process of photosynthesis, increasing microalgae productivity by two to five times over normal conditions.
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