Pengembangan Kerangka Pedagogis untuk Berlatih dalam Bidang Pendidikan Jasmani: Perspektif Teoritis Bildung dalam Pembelajaran Gerak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/a2c61t12Keywords:
Bildung, physical education, movement learning, reflection, character formationAbstract
Pendidikan jasmani memiliki peran strategis dalam membentuk manusia seutuhnya—tidak hanya melalui peningkatan kemampuan fisik, tetapi juga melalui penanaman nilai, karakter, dan kesadaran diri. Penelitian ini dilandasi oleh pemikiran Bildung, sebuah konsep pendidikan dari tradisi filsafat Jerman yang menekankan proses pembentukan diri melalui pengalaman reflektif dan interaksi sosial yang bermakna. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah merancang kerangka pedagogis yang dapat menuntun pembelajaran gerak agar lebih bernilai humanistik dan transformatif. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui studi literatur, observasi, dan wawancara mendalam dengan guru serta siswa pendidikan jasmani di beberapa sekolah. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa praktik pendidikan jasmani masih berpusat pada aspek teknis dan performatif, sementara sisi reflektif dan moral belum sepenuhnya terintegrasi. Melalui analisis tematik, ditemukan empat pilar utama pembelajaran berbasis Bildung: refleksi diri sebagai inti proses belajar, penguatan relasi sosial dan empati, penghayatan nilai moral melalui pengalaman gerak, serta pergeseran peran guru dari instruktur menjadi fasilitator pengembangan diri. Rancangan kerangka pedagogis yang dihasilkan diharapkan mampu mengubah pendidikan jasmani menjadi ruang pembelajaran yang tidak hanya menyehatkan tubuh, tetapi juga menumbuhkan kesadaran dan karakter kemanusiaan peserta didik.
Physical education serves as a vital medium for holistic human development—not merely through physical competence but also through the cultivation of moral values, character, and self-awareness. This study draws upon the theoretical foundation of Bildung, a philosophical concept from the German educational tradition emphasizing self-formation through reflective experience and meaningful social interaction. The research aims to design a pedagogical framework that guides movement learning toward a more humanistic and transformative practice. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through literature reviews, classroom observations, and in-depth interviews with physical education teachers and students from selected schools. The findings indicate that current physical education practices remain predominantly technical and performance-oriented, with limited engagement in reflective and moral dimensions. Thematic analysis revealed four central pillars of Bildung-based pedagogy: reflective learning as the heart of education, the cultivation of empathy and social relations, moral internalization through embodied experience, and the transformation of teachers’ roles from instructors to facilitators of personal growth. The proposed pedagogical framework aspires to reposition physical education as a reflective and human-centered practice—one that not only strengthens the body but also shapes awareness, empathy, and moral character.
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