Pengaruh Faktor Environmental Disclosure, Social Disclosure, Governance Disclosure dan Firm Size Terhadap Profitabilitas

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh environmental disclosure, social disclosure, governance disclosure, dan firm size terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan sektor consumer non-cyclicals yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2021–2024. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan tahunan dan laporan keberlanjutan perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan menggunakan purposive sampling, sehingga diperoleh 25 perusahaan dengan total 100 observasi. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda setelah dilakukan penanganan outlier, yang menghasilkan 94 observasi akhir yang layak dianalisis. Sebelum pengujian hipotesis, data diuji melalui uji asumsi klasik untuk memastikan kelayakan model regresi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial social disclosure berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas yang diproksikan dengan Return on Assets (ROA). Sementara itu, environmental disclosure, governance disclosure, dan firm size tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan. Namun, hasil uji simultan menunjukkan bahwa keempat variabel tersebut secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan sektor consumer non-cyclicals. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa praktik pengungkapan keberlanjutan pada sektor consumer non-cyclicals belum sepenuhnya berorientasi pada peningkatan kinerja keuangan jangka pendek, khususnya pada aspek sosial yang cenderung menimbulkan beban biaya operasional. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bahwa perusahaan perlu mengintegrasikan praktik environmental, social, and governance secara lebih strategis agar tidak hanya memenuhi tuntutan transparansi dan kepatuhan regulasi, tetapi juga mampu mendukung efisiensi operasional dan penciptaan nilai ekonomi yang berkelanjutan.

This study aims to analyze the impact of environmental disclosure, social disclosure, governance disclosure, and firm size on the profitability of consumer non-cyclical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period of 2021–2024. The study uses a quantitative approach with secondary data obtained from annual financial statements and sustainability reports of the companies. The sampling technique is conducted using purposive sampling, resulting in 25 companies with a total of 100 observations. The research data is analyzed using multiple linear regression after outlier handling, which results in 94 valid observations for analysis. Before testing the hypotheses, the data is tested through classical assumption tests to ensure the suitability of the regression model. The analysis results show that, partially, social disclosure has a negative and significant impact on profitability, as measured by Return on Assets (ROA). Meanwhile, environmental disclosure, governance disclosure, and firm size do not show a significant impact on the company's profitability. However, the simultaneous test results indicate that all four variables together have a significant effect on the profitability of the consumer non-cyclical sector companies. These findings suggest that sustainability disclosure practices in the consumer non-cyclical sector are not yet fully oriented toward improving short-term financial performance, particularly in the social aspect, which tends to increase operational costs. This study implies that companies need to integrate environmental, social, and governance practices more strategically so that they not only meet transparency and regulatory compliance demands but also support operational efficiency and the creation of sustainable economic value.