Systematic Literature Review: Dampak Integrasi Pembangkit Energi Terbarukan terhadap Kinerja Sistem Tenaga Listrik Distribusi
Authors
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Alex Fernandes
Institut Teknologi PLN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/56zv8r69Keywords:
integrasi energi terbarukan, sistem distribusi tenaga listrik, distributed generation, kualitas daya, smart gridAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, dan mensintesis secara sistematis dampak integrasi pembangkit energi terbarukan terhadap kinerja sistem tenaga listrik distribusi. Permasalahan utama yang dikaji adalah variabilitas dan intermitensi sumber energi terbarukan yang berpotensi menimbulkan fluktuasi tegangan, peningkatan rugi-rugi daya, gangguan kualitas daya, serta tantangan stabilitas sistem. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis mengacu pada pedoman PRISMA 2020. Proses seleksi dilakukan melalui tahapan identifikasi, penyaringan, dan evaluasi kelayakan artikel hingga diperoleh 10 artikel ilmiah bereputasi internasional periode 2017–2025 sebagai sampel akhir. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa integrasi energi terbarukan dapat meningkatkan profil tegangan dan menurunkan rugi-rugi daya apabila dilakukan dengan penempatan dan kapasitas yang optimal. Namun, penetrasi tinggi tanpa dukungan teknologi kontrol adaptif berpotensi menurunkan kualitas daya. Implementasi smart grid, energy storage system, serta algoritma optimasi berbasis heuristik terbukti meningkatkan stabilitas dan keandalan sistem distribusi. Simpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan integrasi energi terbarukan memerlukan pendekatan terintegrasi yang mencakup aspek teknis, teknologi kontrol, dan regulasi interkoneksi secara simultan.
This study aims to systematically identify, analyze, and synthesize the impact of renewable energy integration on the performance of electrical power distribution systems. The main issue addressed is the variability and intermittency of renewable energy sources, which may cause voltage fluctuations, increased power losses, power quality disturbances, and system stability challenges. The research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with a descriptive-analytical approach following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The selection process included identification, screening, and eligibility assessment stages, resulting in 10 internationally reputable journal articles published between 2017 and 2025 as the final sample. The findings indicate that renewable energy integration can improve voltage profiles and reduce power losses when optimal placement and capacity planning are applied. However, high penetration levels without adaptive control technologies may negatively affect power quality. The implementation of smart grid technologies, energy storage systems, and heuristic-based optimization algorithms significantly enhances distribution system stability and reliability. The study concludes that successful renewable energy integration requires a comprehensive approach that simultaneously considers technical, control technology, and regulatory aspects.
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