Kajian Persepsi Kualitas Pelayanan Publik: Pengujian Model Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat Menggunakan Analisis Komposit Konfirmatori
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/x20nwp94Keywords:
Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat; kualitas pelayanan publik; Confirmatory Composite Analysis; validitas konstruk; DisdukcapilAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji secara empiris kualitas indikator pembentuk Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat (IKM) berdasarkan PermenPANRB No. 14 Tahun 2017 pada pelayanan administrasi kependudukan di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kabupaten Brebes. Penelitian dilatarbelakangi oleh kesenjangan antara nilai IKM institusional yang berada pada kategori baik dan masih adanya keluhan pengguna layanan mengenai antrean, waktu penyelesaian, fasilitas, serta transparansi informasi pelayanan. Dengan menggunakan desain kuantitatif konfirmatori, data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner diferensial semantik berskala 1–7 kepada 250 responden pengguna layanan. Analisis dilakukan melalui Confirmatory Composite Analysis (CCA) berbasis structural equation modeling untuk menilai validitas item, reliabilitas internal, validitas konvergen, validitas diskriminan, dan kesesuaian model. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 27 item memiliki korelasi item-total yang valid, dengan r hitung terendah 0,226 dan tertinggi 0,865. Sebagian besar dimensi memenuhi reliabilitas, tetapi dimensi biaya/tarif menunjukkan kelemahan konsisten dengan Cronbach Alpha 0,494, CR 0,6116, dan kegagalan validitas diskriminan terhadap perilaku pelaksana. Indeks model fit juga menunjukkan dukungan parsial: GoF 0,8516, Mean AVE 0,7252, Mean CR 0,8812, dan Mean Loading 0,8449 memenuhi kriteria, sedangkan SRMR 0,1303 dan NFI 0,8516 belum mencapai fit ideal. Dengan demikian, instrumen IKM layak digunakan secara terbatas sebagai alat evaluasi pelayanan publik, tetapi membutuhkan revisi pada indikator biaya/tarif agar lebih sensitif terhadap karakteristik layanan administrasi kependudukan yang tidak berbayar. Studi ini berkontribusi dengan menunjukkan bahwa CCA dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi struktur psikometrik IKM, mengidentifikasi indikator lemah, dan memperkuat dasar kebijakan perbaikan layanan berbasis bukti.
This study empirically examines the quality of indicators forming the Public Satisfaction Index (IKM) based on Minister of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform Regulation No. 14 of 2017 in population administration services at the Population and Civil Registration Office of Brebes Regency. The study is motivated by the discrepancy between official IKM scores, which remain in the good category, and citizens’ continuing complaints about queues, service completion time, facilities, and information transparency. Using a confirmatory quantitative design, data were collected through a seven-point semantic differential questionnaire administered to 250 service users. Confirmatory Composite Analysis (CCA) within a structural equation modeling framework was employed to assess item validity, internal reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and model fit. The results show that all 27 items had valid item-total correlations, ranging from 0.226 to 0.865. Most dimensions met reliability requirements, but the cost/fee dimension consistently exhibited measurement weakness, as indicated by Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.494, CR of 0.6116, and failure to meet discriminant validity against implementer behavior. Model fit indices also indicate partial support: GoF = 0.8516, Mean AVE = 0.7252, Mean CR = 0.8812, and Mean Loading = 0.8449 met the criteria, whereas SRMR = 0.1303 and NFI = 0.8516 did not reach ideal fit. Therefore, the IKM instrument can be used in a limited manner for public service evaluation, but the cost/fee indicators require revision to better capture the specific characteristics of free population administration services. This study contributes by demonstrating that CCA can evaluate the psychometric structure of IKM, identify weak indicators, and support evidence-based public service improvement.
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