Pengaruh Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, Pengangguran, Ketimpangan Pendapatan, Jumlah Penduduk, dan Pengeluaran Pemerintah terhadap Kemiskinan di Kota Padang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/jar.v5i3.5524Keywords:
Kata kunci: IPM, Pengangguran, Ketimpangan Pendapatan, Jumlah Penduduk, Pengeluaran Pemerintah, Kemiskinan.Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), pengangguran, ketimpangan pendapatan, jumlah penduduk, dan pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap kemiskinan di Kota Padang selama 1999–2025. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder runtut waktu dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan analisis regresi linear berganda menggunakan EViews. Kemiskinan diukur dengan persentase penduduk miskin; pengangguran dengan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka; ketimpangan pendapatan dengan Rasio Gini; jumlah penduduk dengan total jiwa; dan pengeluaran pemerintah dengan realisasi belanja daerah. Jumlah penduduk dan pengeluaran pemerintah ditransformasikan ke dalam logaritma natural. Hasil estimasi model akhir menunjukkan bahwa IPM berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan (β = −0,175; p = 0,0025), jumlah penduduk berpengaruh positif dan signifikan (β = 18,645; p = 0,0001), dan pengeluaran pemerintah berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan (β = −1,947; p < 0,001). Pengangguran dan ketimpangan pendapatan tidak memberikan kontribusi tambahan yang signifikan berdasarkan uji redundansi yang dilaporkan. Model akhir memiliki R² sebesar 0,7138 dan adjusted R² sebesar 0,6765. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya peningkatan kualitas pembangunan manusia, pengelolaan tekanan demografis, dan efektivitas belanja publik dalam strategi pengurangan kemiskinan di Kota Padang.
This study analyzes the effects of the Human Development Index (HDI), unemployment, income inequality, population, and government expenditure on poverty in Padang City from 1999 to 2025. A quantitative approach was applied using annual secondary time-series data from Statistics Indonesia and multiple linear regression estimated in EViews. Poverty was measured by the percentage of people living below the poverty line; unemployment by the open unemployment rate; income inequality by the Gini ratio; population by the number of residents; and government expenditure by realized regional expenditure. Population and government expenditure were transformed into natural logarithms. The final model indicates that HDI has a negative and significant association with poverty (β = −0.175; p = 0.0025), population has a positive and significant association (β = 18.645; p = 0.0001), and government expenditure has a negative and significant association (β = −1.947; p < 0.001). Unemployment and income inequality did not provide significant additional explanatory contribution based on the reported redundancy tests. The final model explains 71.38% of the variation in poverty (R² = 0.7138; adjusted R² = 0.6765). These findings highlight the importance of improving human development, managing demographic pressure, and increasing the effectiveness of public expenditure in poverty-reduction strategies in Padang City.
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