Pengaruh Komite Audit, Sertifikasi Lingkungan, Recycled Waste, dan Renewable Energy terhadap Environmental Performance

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis asosiasi komite audit, sertifikasi lingkungan, recycled waste, dan renewable energy dengan environmental performance pada perusahaan sektor energi peserta PROPER. Studi ini merespons keterbatasan literatur green accounting di Indonesia yang lebih sering menempatkan environmental performance sebagai prediktor kinerja keuangan, serta masih terbatas dalam membandingkan mekanisme tata kelola formal dengan praktik lingkungan operasional yang bersifat substantif. Populasi penelitian mencakup perusahaan sektor energi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama 2020–2024. Dengan purposive sampling, diperoleh 99 observasi perusahaan-tahun dalam struktur panel tidak seimbang. Environmental performance diukur menggunakan skor peringkat PROPER, komite audit diukur melalui frekuensi rapat, sertifikasi lingkungan melalui dummy kepemilikan ISO 14001, recycled waste melalui rasio limbah yang didaur ulang terhadap total limbah, dan renewable energy melalui rasio energi terbarukan terhadap total konsumsi energi. Pengujian utama menggunakan regresi data panel Random Effect Model. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa recycled waste berasosiasi positif signifikan dengan environmental performance (koefisien = 0,7487; p = 0,0052) dan renewable energy menunjukkan asosiasi positif paling kuat (koefisien = 1,3356; p < 0,001). Sebaliknya, komite audit dan sertifikasi lingkungan tidak signifikan. Uji model menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi variabel independen secara statistik layak menjelaskan variasi skor PROPER (F-statistic = 43,9566; Adjusted R2 = 0,6368). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja lingkungan perusahaan sektor energi lebih konsisten dijelaskan oleh praktik operasional berbasis pengelolaan limbah dan transisi energi dibandingkan oleh mekanisme formal seperti rapat komite audit dan kepemilikan sertifikasi semata. Karena penelitian menggunakan data sekunder observasional dan skor PROPER bersifat ordinal, temuan ditafsirkan sebagai asosiasi statistik, bukan bukti kausal langsung.

This study analyzes the association of audit committees, environmental certification, recycled waste, and renewable energy with the environmental performance of PROPER-participating energy sector companies. It addresses a gap in Indonesian green accounting research, which has often positioned environmental performance as an antecedent of financial outcomes and has paid less attention to the comparative explanatory power of formal governance mechanisms and substantive operational environmental practices. The population consists of energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020–2024. Using purposive sampling, the study obtained 99 firm-year observations in an unbalanced panel structure. Environmental performance is measured using PROPER rating scores; audit committees are proxied by meeting frequency; environmental certification is measured by an ISO 14001 ownership dummy; recycled waste is measured as recycled waste divided by total waste; and renewable energy is measured as renewable energy consumption divided by total energy consumption. The main analysis employs panel data regression using the Random Effect Model. The findings indicate that recycled waste is positively and significantly associated with environmental performance (coefficient = 0.7487; p = 0.0052), while renewable energy has the strongest positive association (coefficient = 1.3356; p < 0.001). By contrast, audit committee meeting frequency and environmental certification are not statistically significant. The model is statistically fit in explaining variation in PROPER scores (F-statistic = 43.9566; Adjusted R2 = 0.6368). These findings suggest that environmental performance in the energy sector is more consistently explained by substantive waste-management and energy-transition practices than by formal governance meetings or certification ownership alone. Given the observational nature of the data and the ordinal characteristics of PROPER scores, the results are interpreted as statistical associations rather than direct causal evidence.