Analisis Faktor Penyebab Rendahnya Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR): Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/1y78k023Keywords:
Bed Occupancy Rate, Rumah Sakit, Rawat Inap, Systematic Literature ReviewAbstract
Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) merupakan salah satu indikator utama dalam menilai efisiensi pemanfaatan tempat tidur rumah sakit. Standar BOR yang ditetapkan Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia berkisar antara 60–85%. Nilai BOR yang rendah menunjukkan pemanfaatan tempat tidur yang belum optimal sehingga dapat berdampak terhadap efisiensi pelayanan dan pendapatan rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab rendahnya BOR berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdahulu menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui Google Scholar dan berbagai jurnal kesehatan nasional yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2020–2025. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kesesuaian topik, ketersediaan teks lengkap, dan pembahasan mengenai faktor penyebab rendahnya BOR. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab rendahnya BOR dapat dikelompokkan menjadi faktor sumber daya manusia, sarana dan prasarana, mutu pelayanan, tarif pelayanan, sistem rujukan, citra rumah sakit, lokasi rumah sakit, serta persaingan dengan fasilitas kesehatan lain. Faktor yang paling dominan ditemukan dalam berbagai penelitian adalah mutu pelayanan, ketersediaan fasilitas, dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap rumah sakit. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kualitas pelayanan dan optimalisasi fasilitas menjadi strategi utama dalam meningkatkan BOR rumah sakit.
Bed Occupancy Rate (BOR) is one of the primary indicators used to evaluate the efficiency of hospital bed utilization. The Indonesian Ministry of Health recommends an ideal BOR ranging from 60% to 85%. A low BOR indicates underutilization of hospital beds, which may adversely affect service efficiency and hospital revenue. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to low BOR based on findings from previous studies using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. The literature search was conducted through Google Scholar and various national health journals published between 2020 and 2025. Articles were selected based on topic relevance, full-text availability, and discussion of factors associated with low BOR. The review findings indicate that the factors contributing to low BOR can be categorized into human resources, facilities and infrastructure, service quality, service tariffs, referral systems, hospital image, hospital location, and competition with other healthcare facilities. Among these, the most frequently reported determinants are service quality, the availability of facilities, and public perception of the hospital. These findings suggest that improving service quality and optimizing hospital facilities are the primary strategies for increasing the Bed Occupancy Rate and enhancing overall hospital performance.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Renandya Pradani, Musa Ghufron

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