Pola Sebaran dan Keterjangkauan Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri di Kabupaten Tegal
Authors
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Aurelia Salma Talitha Talitha
Universitas Negeri Semarang
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Edi Kurniawan
Universitas Negeri Semarang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/jar.v5i3.6007Keywords:
pola sebaran, keterjangkauan, SMA NegeriAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola sebaran dan keterjangkauan Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Negeri di Kabupaten Tegal serta hubungannya dengan kepadatan penduduk per kecamatan. Penelitian menganalisis 11 unit SMA Negeri yang tersebar di 18 kecamatan. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan teknik Average Nearest Neighbor Analysis dan analisis buffer berbasis ArcGIS 10.8, dilengkapi uji korelasi Spearman antara kepadatan penduduk dan jumlah SMA Negeri. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pola sebaran 11 SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Tegal bersifat dispersed (menyebar merata) secara statistik signifikan, dengan Nearest Neighbor Ratio sebesar 1,64, z-score 4,07, dan p-value 0,000047. Meskipun demikian, pola geometris yang merata ini tidak menjamin pemerataan akses, karena 9 dari 18 kecamatan (mencakup 50,5% atau 855.655 jiwa dari total penduduk kabupaten) sama sekali tidak memiliki SMA Negeri. Hasil uji korelasi Spearman antara kepadatan penduduk dan jumlah SMA Negeri per kecamatan menunjukkan hubungan yang sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan (ρ = 0,0488; p = 0,8476), mengindikasikan bahwa penempatan sekolah lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor historis-administratif dibandingkan kebutuhan penduduk. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya kebijakan penambahan dan redistribusi SMA Negeri yang berorientasi pada prinsip demand-driven allocation guna mendukung pemerataan akses pendidikan menengah atas di Kabupaten Tegal.
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