Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Scratch terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Materi Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/jar.v5i4.7024Abstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji perbedaan hasil belajar kognitif Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) antara siswa yang belajar dengan bantuan Scratch dan siswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran tanpa Scratch. Studi Scratch sebelumnya lebih banyak berfokus pada pemrograman, matematika, sains, atau pengembangan media, sedangkan penggunaannya sebagai media interaktif untuk integrasi aplikasi perkantoran di SMA masih jarang dikaji. Penelitian menggunakan kuasi eksperimen dengan nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design pada 71 siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Batang Anai, terdiri atas 35 siswa kelompok eksperimen dan 36 siswa kelompok kontrol. Perlakuan berlangsung dua pertemuan (4 × 45 menit); kedua kelompok mengikuti problem-based learning dengan materi yang sama, sedangkan Scratch digunakan sebagai media visual-interaktif pada kelompok eksperimen. Tes pilihan ganda terdiri atas 27 butir valid (Cronbach’s alpha = 0,926). Rata-rata eksperimen berubah dari 43,69 menjadi 73,51, sedangkan kontrol dari 53,75 menjadi 53,61. Kemampuan awal kedua kelompok berbeda, t(69) = -2,095, p = 0,040, sehingga perbandingan posttest mentah tidak cukup untuk inferensi kausal. Perbandingan posttest yang belum disesuaikan menunjukkan selisih 19,90 poin (95% CI 11,00–28,80; p < 0,001; Hedges g = 1,05). Hasil ANCOVA dengan pretest sebagai kovariat harus dimasukkan pada versi final sebelum kesimpulan kausal dibuat. Temuan sementara menunjukkan pola hasil belajar yang lebih tinggi pada kelompok berbantuan Scratch, tetapi interpretasi akhir harus mengikuti estimasi efek yang telah disesuaikan.
This study examined differences in cognitive Information and Communication Technology (ICT) learning outcomes between students receiving Scratch-assisted instruction and students learning without Scratch. Previous Scratch research has mainly addressed programming, mathematics, science, or media development, while its use as an interactive medium for office-application integration in upper-secondary ICT remains less examined. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design involved 71 Grade X students at SMA Negeri 2 Batang Anai: 35 in the experimental group and 36 in the control group. The intervention lasted two meetings (4 × 45 minutes). Both groups followed the same problem-based learning sequence and content; Scratch provided visual-interactive support only in the experimental group. The multiple-choice test retained 27 valid items (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.926). The experimental mean changed from 43.69 to 73.51, while the control mean changed from 53.75 to 53.61. Baseline scores differed between groups, t(69) = -2.095, p = 0.040, making an unadjusted posttest comparison insufficient for causal inference. The unadjusted posttest difference was 19.90 points (95% CI 11.00–28.80; p < 0.001; Hedges g = 1.05). The final manuscript must report ANCOVA results with pretest as a covariate before any causal conclusion is made. The available evidence therefore indicates a higher outcome pattern in the Scratch-assisted group, while the final interpretation depends on the adjusted treatment estimate.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ikhsan Aidil Fitra, Vera Irma Delianti, Delvi Asmara, Mahesi Agni Zaus

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