Evaluasi Kapasitas dan Efisiensi Ruang Parkir di FMIPA Universitas Negeri Padang

Abstract

Kebutuhan parkir di kawasan perguruan tinggi perlu dinilai berdasarkan jumlah ruang yang tersedia pada suatu waktu dan kemampuan petak melayani kendaraan secara bergantian selama periode operasional. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi kapasitas dan karakteristik parkir sepeda motor serta mobil di Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Padang (FMIPA UNP). Penelitian menggunakan survei observasional kuantitatif-deskriptif: pengamatan pendahuluan pada 9 Maret 2026 dan pencatatan kendaraan masuk-keluar pada 8, 10, dan 12 Juni 2026, masing-masing selama 12 jam. Inventarisasi mencatat 257 satuan ruang parkir (SRP) sepeda motor dan 52 SRP mobil. Pada pengamatan pendahuluan, tercatat 286 sepeda motor dan 55 mobil di area parkir, setara dengan 111,3% dan 105,8% dari kapasitas statis masing-masing jenis. Survei utama menghasilkan volume total 480, 469, dan 439 kendaraan per hari, serta akumulasi maksimum gabungan 192, 189, dan 171 kendaraan. Tingkat pergantian sepeda motor berkisar 1,50–1,66 kendaraan/SRP selama pengamatan, sedangkan mobil sekitar 1,04. Estimasi kapasitas layanan teoritis yang dilaporkan melampaui volume harian; namun nilai tersebut didasarkan pada rata-rata durasi dan bukan pengukuran ketersediaan petak pada setiap saat. Temuan menunjukkan perlunya membedakan indikasi tekanan okupansi sesaat pada pengamatan awal dari potensi layanan harian pada hari survei yang berbeda. Akumulasi maksimum belum dilaporkan terpisah menurut jenis dan zona sehingga frekuensi serta lokasi kejenuhan belum dapat dipastikan. Audit okupansi per jenis/zona, penataan marka, dan pengendalian sirkulasi direkomendasikan sebagai langkah evaluasi lanjutan sebelum memutuskan ekspansi fisik.

Parking adequacy on university campuses must be assessed in terms of both the number of spaces available at a given time and their potential daily service through vehicle turnover. This study evaluated motorcycle and car parking characteristics and capacity at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang (FMIPA UNP). A quantitative descriptive observational design included a preliminary observation on March 9, 2026, and entry–exit surveys on June 8, 10, and 12, 2026, conducted for 12 hours each day. The inventory identified 257 motorcycle parking space units and 52 car spaces. The preliminary observation recorded 286 motorcycles and 55 cars on site, corresponding to 111.3% and 105.8% of their respective static space counts. During the main survey, daily combined volumes were 480, 469, and 439 vehicles, while combined peak accumulations were 192, 189, and 171. Motorcycle turnover ranged from 1.50 to 1.66 vehicles per space during the observation period, compared with approximately 1.04 for cars. Reported theoretical service capacities exceeded daily volumes; however, these estimates depend on average parking duration and do not verify space availability throughout the day. The findings highlight the distinction between the preliminary indication of momentary occupancy pressure and theoretical service capacity observed on different dates. Because peak accumulation was not reported separately by vehicle type or parking zone, the frequency and location of saturation remain uncertain. Zone- and vehicle-specific occupancy audits, clearer markings, and circulation management should precede decisions on physical expansion.