Analisis Faktor-faktor Penyebab Rendahnya Tingkat Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Nelayan Pesisir
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/ej.v4i2.1525Keywords:
Daerah Pesisir, Overfishing, Komprehensif.Abstract
Daerah pesisir meupakan zona peralihan antara daratan dan lautan, sehingga lingkungannya juga masih terpengaruh oleh kedua zona tersebut. Dengan garis pantai Indonesia sepanjang 108.000 kilometer, menjadi garis pantai terpanjang kedua di dunia, yang kaya dengan sumber daya alam potensial, sayangnya bahwa kekayaan tersebut belum mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan secara merata pada masyarakat nelayan di pesisir, sebagai wilayah terdekat dari perairan laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab rendahnya tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat nelayan di wilayah pesisir Kasuso desa Darubiah Kecamatan Bontobahari, sehingga dapat dijadikan rekomendasi dalam melakukan manajemen sumber daya pesisir di wilayah-wilayah pesisir lainnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan pengumpulan data di lapangan, dan kajian referensi didukung oleh dokumentasi. Wawancara dilakukan bersama dengan masyarakat nelayan. Dari hasil kegiatan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyebab masih rendahnya kesejahteraan masyarakat di pesisir tersebut diakibatkan oleh beberapa hal antara lain penangkapan hasil laut yang berlebihan (overfishing), adanya pengaruh perubahan iklim secara global, kontaminasi bahan pencemar yang merupakan hasil aktivitas manusia di daratan ataupun di daerah pesisir, rendahnya tingkat pendidikan dan keterampilan pengolahan hasil perikanan, masih kurangnya insfrastruktur dasar seperti jalan dan jembatan menuju pesisir, listrik dan air bersih serta beberapa kendala lain yang membutuhkan intervensi pemerintah secara komprehensif. Beberapa hal yang perlu dilakukan adalah pelatihan dan pembinaan masyarakat dalam pengolahan hasil perikanan kelautan menjadi sesuatu yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi, serta melakukan usaha diversifikasi penghasilan nelayan dengan kegiatan yang tidak berhubungan dengan hasil perikanan sebagai antisipasi jika kegiatan bernelayan tidak memungkinkan dilakukan karena cuaca buruk.
Analysis of Factors Contributing to the Low Welfare Levels of Coastal Fisherfolk Communities
Abstract
Coastal areas are conservation zones between land and sea, so the environment is still affected by these two zones. With Indonesia's 108,000 kilometer coastline, the second longest coastline in the world, which is rich in potential natural resources, unfortunately this wealth has not been able to improve the welfare evenly among fishing communities on the coast, as the area closest to sea waters. This research aims to analyze the factors that cause the low level of welfare of fishing communities in the coastal area of ??Kaso, Darubiah Village, Bontobahari District, so that it can be used as a recommendation for managing coastal resources in other coastal areas. The research was carried out using a qualitative descriptive approach based on data collection in the field and reference studies supported by documentation. Interviews were conducted with fishing communities. The results of this research activity show that the cause of the low welfare of coastal communities is caused by several things, including overfishing, the influence of global climate change, contamination by pollutants which are the result of human activities on land or in the region. coast, low level of education and fishery product processing skills, lack of basic infrastructure such as roads and bridges to the coast, electricity and clean water as well as several other obstacles that require comprehensive government intervention. Several things that need to be done are community training and training in processing marine fishery products into something of high economic value, as well as carrying out efforts to diversify fishermen's income with activities that are not related to fishery products in anticipation if fishing activities are not possible due to bad weather.
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