Tren Terbaru dalam Penelitian Etnosains: Tinjauan dan Analisis Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/ej.v6i2.2936Keywords:
Etnosains, Pengetahuan Lokal, Pendidikan Kontekstual, DekolonisasiAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis tren terbaru dalam studi etnosains melalui pendekatan tinjauan literatur sistematis. Etnosains, sebagai sistem pengetahuan lokal yang tertanam dalam budaya masyarakat tradisional, telah mengalami transformasi signifikan dari sekadar objek antropologis menjadi pendekatan strategis dalam pendidikan, konservasi ekologi, dan dekolonisasi ilmu pengetahuan. Kajian ini menggunakan kerangka PRISMA 2020 dan mencakup 68 artikel terpilih yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2014 hingga 2025 dari basis data Scopus. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa etnosains semakin terintegrasi dalam pengembangan kurikulum sains kontekstual, penguatan karakter dan identitas budaya peserta didik, serta pembentukan kesadaran ekologis berbasis nilai-nilai lokal. Di samping itu, pendekatan ini juga menjadi medium resistensi epistemik terhadap dominasi pengetahuan Barat, dengan menempatkan pengetahuan lokal sebagai entitas ilmiah yang sah. Meski demikian, tantangan metodologis dan etis dalam penerapannya tetap perlu diperhatikan agar kedalaman nilai budaya tidak tereduksi. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa etnosains memiliki kontribusi holistik terhadap transformasi pendidikan yang berakar secara lokal dan tangguh dalam menjawab tantangan global. Implikasi praktis dari studi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi landasan bagi pengembangan kebijakan pendidikan, desain kurikulum, dan model pembelajaran yang lebih adil, inklusif, dan berkelanjutan.
Recent Trends in Ethnoscience Research: A Systematic Review and Analysis
Abstract
This study aims to identify and analyze the latest trends in ethnoscience research through a systematic literature review approach. Ethnoscience, as a system of local knowledge rooted in traditional community cultures, has undergone a significant transformation from being merely an anthropological object to becoming a strategic approach in education, ecological conservation, and the decolonization of science. This review adopts the PRISMA 2020 framework and includes 68 selected articles published between 2014 and 2025 from the Scopus database. The analysis reveals that ethnoscience is increasingly integrated into the development of contextual science curricula, the strengthening of students' character and cultural identity, and the formation of ecological awareness grounded in local values. Furthermore, this approach serves as an epistemic resistance medium against the dominance of Western knowledge by positioning local knowledge as a legitimate scientific entity. Nevertheless, methodological and ethical challenges in its application must be carefully considered to avoid the reduction of cultural values. This study concludes that ethnoscience makes a holistic contribution to educational transformation that is locally rooted and resilient in addressing global challenges. The practical implications of this study are expected to serve as a foundation for developing educational policies, curriculum design, and learning models that are more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable.
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