Efektivitas Plyometrik dan Latihan Berbasis Keterampilan dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Smash Ditinjau dari Power Otot Tungkai

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh metode latihan pliometrik dan latihan berbasis keterampilan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan smash pada siswa ekstrakurikuler bola voli SMA, serta menelaah peran kategori power otot tungkai (tinggi vs. rendah) dalam memoderasi respons latihan. Hipotesis utama menyatakan bahwa latihan pliometrik akan menghasilkan peningkatan kemampuan smash yang lebih besar dibandingkan latihan keterampilan, dan bahwa siswa dengan power otot tungkai tinggi akan menunjukkan respons adaptasi latihan yang lebih optimal. Desain eksperimen faktorial 2×2 diterapkan pada 40 siswa berusia 16–18 tahun, terbagi menjadi empat kelompok kombinasi metode latihan dan kategori power. Intervensi dilaksanakan selama empat minggu (12 sesi), dengan pengukuran pretest dan posttest menggunakan vertical jump test untuk menilai power awal dan T-score smash sebagai indikator performa pukulan. Analisis Two-Way ANOVA mengungkapkan perbedaan signifikan antara metode latihan, di mana kelompok pliometrik meningkatkan skor smash rata-rata lebih tinggi sebesar 2.099 poin dibandingkan kelompok keterampilan. Selain itu, kategori power tinggi menunjukkan peningkatan skor posttest sebesar 1.275 poin lebih tinggi daripada kategori power rendah. Tidak ditemukan interaksi signifikan antara metode latihan dan kategori power, mengindikasikan bahwa efek kedua faktor berjalan independen. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa latihan pliometrik efektif dalam mengoptimalkan respons neuromuskular dan meningkatkan daya ledak otot tungkai, sedangkan kondisi fisik awal mempengaruhi tingkat peningkatan adaptasi latihan. Oleh karena itu, integrasi latihan pliometrik dan penilaian power otot tungkai awal direkomendasikan untuk merancang program latihan yang lebih terarah dan individual. Implikasi praktis meliputi pengembangan modul pelatihan eksplosif dan teknik, sedangkan penelitian lanjutan disarankan untuk memperluas durasi intervensi, memperkaya variasi sampel, dan mengeksplorasi variabel psikologis serta taktis dalam meningkatkan performa smash secara menyeluruh.

The Effectiveness of Plyometrics and Skill-Based Training in Improving Smashing Ability in Terms of Leg Muscle Power

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of plyometric training and skill-based training on improving smashing ability in high school volleyball extracurricular students, and to examine the role of leg muscle power category (high vs. low) in moderating the training response. The primary hypothesis was that plyometric training would result in greater improvement in smashing ability than skill training, and that students with high leg muscle power would demonstrate a more optimal training adaptation response. A 2×2 factorial experimental design was applied to 40 students aged 16–18 years, divided into four groups combining training methods and power categories. The intervention was carried out for four weeks (12 sessions), with pretest and posttest measurements using the vertical jump test to assess initial power and the smash T-score as an indicator of hitting performance. Two-Way ANOVA analysis revealed significant differences between the training methods, where the plyometric group increased their smash score by an average of 2,099 points higher than the skill group. In addition, the high power category showed a posttest score increase of 1,275 points higher than the low power category. No significant interaction between training method and power category was found, indicating that the effects of both factors operate independently. These findings confirm that plyometric training is effective in optimizing neuromuscular responses and increasing leg muscle explosive power, while baseline physical condition influences the degree of improvement in training adaptation. Therefore, the integration of plyometric training and baseline leg muscle power assessment is recommended for designing more targeted and individualized training programs. Practical implications include the development of explosive and technique training modules, while further research is recommended to extend the duration of interventions, diversify sample sizes, and explore psychological and tactical variables in improving overall smash performance.