Kepemimpinan Partisipatif dan Etos Kerja Kolektif: Identitas Manajemen pada Tradisi Mapalus Minahasa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/bads4326Keywords:
Kepemimpinan Partisipatif, Etos Kerja Kolektif, Identitas Manajemen, Budaya MapalusAbstract
Kearifan Kearifan lokal Mapalus di Minahasa merepresentasikan sistem sosial-ekonomi berbasis gotong royong yang telah lama menjadi ciri budaya masyarakat setempat. Meskipun berbagai studi sebelumnya telah membahas Mapalus sebagai bentuk solidaritas sosial, masih terdapat celah penelitian terkait bagaimana nilai-nilai tersebut diartikulasikan dalam konteks kepemimpinan partisipatif dan etos kerja kolektif sebagai identitas manajemen komunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana kepemimpinan partisipatif dan etos kerja kolektif berfungsi sebagai identitas manajemen dalam budaya Mapalus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan etnografi, melibatkan 15 informan kunci yang terdiri atas tokoh adat, kepala jaga, dan anggota kelompok Mapalus di tiga desa di Kabupaten Minahasa. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipan selama tiga bulan, serta studi dokumentasi terhadap arsip dan naskah budaya lokal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan dalam Mapalus bersifat partisipatif dan egaliter, menekankan musyawarah, keadilan, dan tanggung jawab bersama dalam pembagian tugas. Mekanisme kontrol sosial dijalankan melalui norma adat dan nilai resiprositas moral yang memperkuat disiplin kolektif. Etos kerja kolektif yang terbentuk mencerminkan identitas manajemen khas Minahasa, yaitu bekerja sebagai ibadah sosial, solidaritas sebagai modal utama, dan keadilan sebagai bentuk timbal balik moral. Temuan ini memperluas pemahaman tentang manajemen berbasis budaya dengan menunjukkan bahwa Mapalus tidak hanya berperan dalam aktivitas ekonomi, tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai sistem manajemen sosial yang memperkuat kohesi komunitas dan ketahanan budaya. Penelitian ini membuka ruang bagi pengembangan model manajemen partisipatif berbasis kearifan lokal dalam konteks pembangunan masyarakat Indonesia.
Participatory Leadership and Collective Work Ethic: Management Identity in the Mapalus Tradition of Minahasa
Abstract
The local wisdom of Mapalus in Minahasa represents a socio-economic system based on mutual cooperation, which has long been a defining feature of the local community’s culture. Although previous studies have discussed Mapalus as a form of social solidarity, there remains a research gap concerning how these values are articulated within the context of participatory leadership and collective work ethic as a form of community management identity. This study aims to analyze how participatory leadership and collective work ethic function as management identities within the Mapalus culture. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with an ethnographic approach, involving 15 key informants consisting of traditional leaders, neighborhood heads (kepala jaga), and members of Mapalus groups across three villages in Minahasa Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation conducted over three months, and documentation studies of local cultural archives and manuscripts. The results show that leadership within Mapalus is participatory and egalitarian, emphasizing deliberation, fairness, and shared responsibility in task distribution. Social control mechanisms are maintained through customary norms and moral reciprocity values that reinforce collective discipline. The collective work ethic that emerges reflects a distinctive Minahasan management identity—working as a form of social devotion, solidarity as the main capital, and justice as a manifestation of moral reciprocity. These findings expand the understanding of culture-based management by demonstrating that Mapalus not only functions in economic activities but also serves as a social management system that strengthens community cohesion and cultural resilience. The study opens opportunities for developing participatory management models grounded in local wisdom within the context of Indonesian community development.
Downloads
References
Anisa N. P, N.R.S. Putri, M.Z. Saleh. (2023). Pengaruh Peran Budaya Masyarakat Lokal Terhadap Pemasaran Global. Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen (EBISMEN) Vol. 2 No. 4 Desember 2023 E-ISSN : 2962-7621- P-ISSN : 2962-763X, Hal 323-33.
Denzim, Norman K dan Yvonna S. Lincoln. (1998). The Lanscape of Qualitative Research: Theories and Issues, Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Habi R.A.S, Heldi V.A, Lisda S.A. (2022) Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Partisipatif Terhadap Perilaku Kerja Pegawai Pada Dinas Penanaman Modal ESDM Dan Transmigrasi Provinsi Gorontalo. file:///C:/Users/treis/Downloads/16467-39082-1-SM.pdf
Idris J. (2024). Penerapan Kepemimpinan Partisipatif Dalam Pengembangan Kinerja Administrasi Di Kantor Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (Pkbm) Kota Jakarta. Indonesian Journal of Economy, Business, Entrepreneurship and Finance p-ISSN: 2776-6179 | e-ISSN: 2776-6187 Volume 4, No. 3, Desember 2024 https://doi.org/10.53067/ijebef .
Imran T. (2023). Sistim Komunal Dalam Manajemen Pemberdayaan Perempuan Budaya Mapalus Rumah di Desa Tombatu, Minahasa Tenggara. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56799/ekoma.v2i2.4908. https://ulilalbabinstitute.id/index.php/EKOMA/article/view/4908
Karundeng F.E.F dan S. E. Palit. (2024). Nilai Budaya Mapalus, Prinsip Good Governance, dan Kecurangan Keuangan Desa. Balance: jurnal Akutansi dan Manajemen. https://jurnal.risetilmiah.ac.id/index.php/jam/article/view/440
Lolangion F.(2221). Etos Kerja Kristen Dan Budaya Mapalus Sebagai Pemberdayaan Ekonomi di Minahasa. Jurnal Antropologi Sosial dan Budaya. https://doi.org/10.24114/antro.v7i1.24418
Lukman M, R. Galuh, V. Hayunanada. (2025). Menanamkan Nilai Gotong Royong Melalui Kearifan Lokal Desa Penglipuran. Jurnal Risoma (Jurnal Riset, Sosial dan Humaniora Pendidikan. Vol. 3, no. 3, Mei 2025. https://journal.appisi.or.id/index.php/risoma/issue/view/35
Mas N, S. Survival. D. Irawan, A. Suraji. 2025. Inivasi manajemen Kreatif Lokal Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Ekonomi Kreatif Masyarakat Lokal. https://publishing-widyagama.ac.id/ejournal-v2/index.php/pws/article/view/7279
Merentek, T.C, S.D.M. Sumual, P.R. Tuerah, W. Karauwan. (2023) mapalus in Educational Leadership. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendididkan. Vol. 4, no. 2, June 2023. https://www.edunesia.org/index.php/edu/article/view/411/212
Nainggolan A.M, Lidya K, Y. Situmorang, N.A. Heydemans, N. Lahamendu. (2024). The Work Ethic Of Mapalus In Strengthening The Religious Moderation Of The Tondano-Javanese Village Community. Tatar Pasundan Jurnal Diklat Keagamaan PISSN 2085-4005; EISSN 2721-2866 Volume 18 Nomor 1 Tahun 2024: 1-11. file:///C:/Users/treis/Downloads/390-1836-1-PB.pdf
Ngala erna. (2013). Etos Kerja Dalam Budaya Mapalus Masyarakat Tombatu: Studi Etnografi di Kecamatan Tombatu Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. DISERTASI: Universitas Negeri Jakarta.
Pantow R.F.F, Sarah S, Alfon K. (2019). Pelestarian Budaya Mapalus Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa Di Bidang Kemasyarakatan (Studi di Desa Kanonang Dua Kecamatan Kawangkoan Barat Kabupaten Minahasa). EKSEKUTIF ISSN : 2337 - 5736 Jurnal Jurusan Ilmu Pemerintahan Volume 3 No. 3 Tahun 2019 Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Politik Universitas Sam Ratulangi.
Pongantung R.J dan Khasanah D.R.A.U. (2024). Community Participation Model Through Mapalus As Local Wisdom In The Existence Of Law And Society In South Minahasa. file:///C:/Users/treis/Downloads/izzi,+2.+Dian+Ratu_final%20(2).pdf
Rumbay C.A, S. Hutagalung, R.W. Sagala. (2023). Kontekstualisasi Menuju Inkulturasi Koperatif-Prolektif: Nilai Budaya Mapalus dan Falsafah Pemimpin Negeri di Minahasa dalam Konstruksi Manajemen Pendidikan Kristian. Jurnal Teruna Bhakti. https://e-journal.stakterunabhakti.ac.id/index.php/teruna/article/view/166/102
Yudisman, S. N. (2019). Analisis Gaya Kepemimpinan Partisipatif di Perpustakaan Bung Hatta Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Perpustakaan Vol. 10 No.2 Tahun 2019: 109-116 ISSN 1979 - 9527 (Printed) ISSN 2715-274x (Online) Journal homepage: journal.uii.ac.id/unilib
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Erna Ngala, Laurens Mambu, Treesje Imran

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Empiricism Journal agree to the following terms:
- For all articles published in Empiricism Journal, copyright is retained by the authors. Authors give permission to the publisher to announce the work with conditions. When the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agrees to implement a non-exclusive transfer of publishing rights to the journals.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.