Membangun Kepercayaan Diri Atlet melalui Mental Imagery: Strategi Psikologis untuk Mengatasi Kecemasan Kompetitif dalam Olahraga Beregu
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh mental imagery training terhadap peningkatan kepercayaan diri atlet bola voli dengan mempertimbangkan tingkat kecemasan kompetitif sebagai variabel moderator. Desain penelitian menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen semu (quasi-experimental) dengan model pretest–posttest–follow-up control group design melibatkan 30 atlet bola voli aktif di Lombok Tengah. Subjek dibagi ke dalam empat kelompok berdasarkan kombinasi jenis imagery (internal dan eksternal) serta tingkat kecemasan (tinggi dan rendah). Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R) untuk mengukur kepercayaan diri dan Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) untuk mengukur kecemasan kompetitif. Celah penelitian terletak pada kurangnya studi yang menguji interaksi antara jenis imagery dan tingkat kecemasan dalam konteks olahraga beregu seperti bola voli, terutama pada populasi atlet daerah di Indonesia. Hasil analisis ANAVA dua jalur menunjukkan bahwa mental imagery training berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kepercayaan diri atlet (p < 0,05). Atlet dengan kecemasan rendah menunjukkan peningkatan kepercayaan diri yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan atlet berkecemasan tinggi. Selain itu, terdapat interaksi signifikan antara jenis imagery dan tingkat kecemasan, di mana internal imagery lebih efektif bagi atlet dengan konsentrasi tinggi, sedangkan external imagery lebih bermanfaat bagi atlet dengan konsentrasi rendah. Hasil penelitian mendukung bahwa mental imagery training merupakan strategi psikologis efektif untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dan mengelola kecemasan kompetitif, serta memberikan dasar empiris bagi pengembangan program pelatihan mental berbasis budaya dalam pembinaan olahraga di Indonesia.
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of mental imagery training on increasing the self-confidence of volleyball athletes by considering the level of competitive anxiety as a moderator variable. The study design used a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest–posttest–follow-up control group design involving 30 active volleyball athletes in Central Lombok. Subjects were divided into four groups based on the combination of imagery type (internal and external) and anxiety level (high and low). The instruments used included the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R) to measure self-confidence and the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) to measure competitive anxiety. A research gap lies in the lack of studies examining the interaction between imagery type and anxiety level in the context of team sports such as volleyball, especially in regional athlete populations in Indonesia. The results of the two-way ANOVA analysis showed that mental imagery training had a significant effect on increasing athletes' self-confidence (p < 0.05). Athletes with low anxiety showed a greater increase in self-confidence compared to athletes with high anxiety. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between imagery type and anxiety level, with internal imagery being more effective for athletes with high concentration. In contrast, external imagery was more beneficial for athletes with low concentration. The study's findings support the idea that mental imagery training is an effective psychological strategy for enhancing self-confidence and managing competitive anxiety, and provide an empirical basis for developing culture-based mental imagery training programs in sports development in Indonesia.
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