Besiru: Studi Internalisasi Resiprositas Komunitas Petani Tembakau Berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Desa Ganti, Lombok Tengah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/8znx6q35Keywords:
Besiru, Resiprositas, Gotong Royong, Kearifan Lokal, Petani TembakauAbstract
Besiru merupakan tradisi gotong royong masyarakat Sasak yang berlandaskan prinsip saling membantu tanpa imbalan, dan hingga kini tetap hidup sebagai bagian penting dari kearifan lokal agraris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk dan mekanisme praktik Besiru serta proses internalisasi nilai-nilai resiprositas pada komunitas petani tembakau di Desa Ganti, Lombok Tengah. Letak kebaruan penelitian ini adalah dengan menempatkan analisis tindakan sosial, nilai moral, dan struktur kesadaran para petani sebagai basis yang menghidupkan praktik besiru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologi melalui observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi terhadap enam informan kunci, meliputi petani tembakau, pengurus kelompok tani, dan tokoh desa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik Besiru dilaksanakan secara bergiliran pada seluruh tahapan pertanian tembakau dari penyiapan lahan, penanaman, perawatan, panen, hingga pengolahan hasil dengan dasar kepercayaan sosial (trust), rasa malu (isin), dan tanggung jawab moral. Nilai-nilai utama yang terkandung di dalamnya meliputi gotong royong, resiprositas, solidaritas, dan keadilan. Proses internalisasi nilai Besiru berlangsung melalui sosialisasi primer di keluarga dan sosialisasi sekunder dalam komunitas petani yang memperkuat identitas sosial dan moral masyarakat. Simpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa Besiru bukan sekadar praktik tradisional, melainkan sistem sosial yang memadukan dimensi ekonomi, sosial, dan spiritual, serta berfungsi menjaga kohesi dan ketahanan komunitas petani di tengah perubahan ekonomi modern.
Besiru: A Study of the Internalization of Reciprocity in Tobacco Farming Communities Based on Local Wisdom in Ganti Village, Central Lombok
Abstract
Besiru is a tradition of mutual cooperation among the Sasak people based on the principle of mutual assistance without reward, and remains alive today as an important part of local agrarian wisdom. This study aims to analyze the forms and mechanisms of Besiru practices and the process of internalizing reciprocity values in the tobacco farming community in Ganti Village, Central Lombok. The novelty of this study lies in placing the analysis of social actions, moral values, and the structure of farmers' consciousness as the basis that brings the besiru practice to life. This study uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation with six key informants, including tobacco farmers, farmer group administrators, and village leaders. The results show that Besiru practices are carried out in turns at all stages of tobacco farming from land preparation, planting, maintenance, harvesting, to processing products based on social trust (trust), shame (isin), and moral responsibility. The main values contained in it include mutual cooperation, reciprocity, solidarity, and justice. The internalization of Besiru values occurs through primary socialization within the family and secondary socialization within the farming community, which strengthens the community's social and moral identity. The conclusion of this study confirms that Besiru is not simply a traditional practice, but rather a social system that integrates economic, social, and spiritual dimensions and serves to maintain the cohesion and resilience of farming communities amidst modern economic changes.
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