Interaksi Antara Pestisida dan Mikroorganisme Tanah: Degradasi Menggunakan Pendekatan Molekuler
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/wrf5b524Keywords:
Pestisida, Mikroorganisme Tanah, Biodegradasi, Aktivitas Enzim Tanah, Degradasi MolekulerAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji interaksi antara pestisida dan mikroorganisme tanah serta mekanisme biodegradasi yang terjadi melalui pendekatan molekuler. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan analisis kualitatif deskriptif terhadap 35 artikel utama yang dipilih melalui prosedur PRISMA dari berbagai basis data ilmiah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pestisida dapat menurunkan keragaman mikroba tanah, menghambat aktivitas enzim, serta memicu pergeseran struktur komunitas mikroba, namun sejumlah bakteri dan fungi seperti Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Rhodococcus, Flavobacterium, Aspergillus, dan Penicillium yang mampu mendegradasinya melalui enzim kunci yang dikode oleh gen seperti opd, mpd, dan phnJ. Efektivitas degradasi ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh pH, suhu, bahan organik, dan tekstur tanah. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menegaskan bahwa pemahaman biodegradasi pestisida memerlukan integrasi antara analisis molekuler dan faktor ekologi, sehingga pengelolaan tanah berkelanjutan harus mempertimbangkan kedua aspek tersebut secara bersamaan.
Interaction Between Pesticides and Soil Microorganisms: Degradation Using a Molecular Approach
Abstract
This study aims to examine the interaction between pesticides and soil microorganisms and the biodegradation mechanisms that occur through a molecular approach. The method used is a literature review with descriptive qualitative analysis of 35 primary articles selected using the PRISMA procedure from various scientific databases. The results of the study indicate that pesticides can reduce soil microbial diversity, inhibit enzyme activity, and trigger shifts in microbial community structure. However, several bacteria and fungi such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Rhodococcus, Flavobacterium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium are capable of degrading them through key enzymes encoded by genes such as opd, mpd, and phnJ. The effectiveness of this degradation is strongly influenced by pH, temperature, organic matter, and soil texture. Overall, this study confirms that understanding pesticide biodegradation requires an integration of molecular analysis and ecological factors, so that sustainable soil management must consider both aspects simultaneously.
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