Implementasi Kolaboratif Penurunan Stunting: Partisipasi dan Kepercayaan Komunitas di Desa Labuan Badas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/t9w57p56Keywords:
Implementasi Kebijakan, Stunting, Partisipasi Komunitas, Modal Sosial, Studi KasusAbstract
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tantangan implementasi kebijakan konvergensi stunting nasional di tingkat desa, di mana pendekatan top-down seringkali gagal menumbuhkan partisipasi dan kepemilikan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses implementasi kebijakan konvergensi stunting (Perbup No. 97/2020) di Desa Labuan Badas, Sumbawa, dan perannya dalam memfasilitasi partisipasi serta membangun modal sosial. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan 14 pemangku kepentingan (Pemda, Puskesmas, Pemdes, Kader, dan Ibu Balita) serta observasi partisipatif. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan implementasi ditopang oleh model hibrida yang mengawinkan standarisasi birokrasi dengan kearifan lokal. Secara spesifik, model ini bekerja melalui tiga mekanisme: (1) arsitektur kebijakan top-down yang menyediakan legitimasi anggaran dan standar medis; (2) transformasi kader dari pelaksana teknis menjadi 'penerjemah budaya' yang membangun kepercayaan (bottom-up); dan (3) menjadikan Posyandu sebagai arena negosiasi sosial. Meskipun efektif, kendala utama yang ditemukan adalah ketergantungan yang tinggi pada figur ketokohan kader dan fluktuasi intensitas partisipasi saat musim panen. Simpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa integrasi legitimasi struktural dengan modal sosial adalah kunci keberlanjutan program kesehatan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi memberikan peta jalan praktis bagi pembuat kebijakan di wilayah pedesaan untuk beralih dari pendekatan instruktif menuju pendekatan kolaboratif berbasis modal sosial.
Collaborative Implementation of Stunting Reduction: Community Participation and Trust in Labuan Badas Village
Abstract
This study is contextualized by the implementation challenges of national stunting convergence policies at the village level, where top-down approaches often fail to foster local participation and ownership. This research aims to analyze the implementation process of the stunting convergence policy (Regent Regulation No. 97/2020) in Labuan Badas Village, Sumbawa, and its role in facilitating participation and building social capital. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 14 stakeholders (local government, health center staff, village officials, cadres, and mothers of toddlers) and participant observation. The findings reveal that the implementation's success is underpinned by an effective hybrid model: (1) a clear top-down policy architecture providing direction and standardization; (2) the transformation of cadres into trusted agents mobilizing the community from the bottom-up; and (3) the local health post (Posyandu) as an ideal epicenter where both forces converge. This process demonstrably activated social capital (trust, networks, and norms of mutual help), which became the primary driver of active community participation. In conclusion, this research affirms that a hybrid implementation model, integrating bureaucratic legitimacy with social trust, is an effective strategy for health policy success. This model not only achieves program targets but also strengthens community capacity and self-reliance.
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