Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Air pada Lahan Kering untuk Meningkatkan Produktivitas Pertanian Berkelanjutan: Pendekatan Prinsip Agroekologi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/esq9jt38Keywords:
Agroekologi, Efisiensi Air, Integrasi Tanaman Ternak, Pengelolaan Air, Produktivitas BerkelanjutanAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis strategi optimalisasi pengelolaan air pada lahan kering dengan menerapkan tiga prinsip agroekologi: daur ulang nutrisi dan air, integrasi tanaman-ternak, serta peningkatan produktivitas sistem. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR), dengan analisis terhadap 30 artikel dari jurnal internasional dan nasional yang terindeks Scopus dan Web of Science, yang diterbitkan antara 2020-2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan prinsip daur ulang air, seperti pemanenan air hujan, penggunaan mulsa organik, dan konservasi in-situ, dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air sebesar 45-65% serta mengurangi evapotranspirasi hingga 25-40%. Integrasi tanaman-ternak terbukti meningkatkan retensi air tanah melalui penambahan bahan organik, yang memperbaiki struktur tanah hingga 50%. Fokus pada produktivitas sistem, seperti diversifikasi tanaman tahan kekeringan, agroforestri, dan pengelolaan holistik, dapat meningkatkan produktivitas air sebesar 35-55% serta meningkatkan ketahanan sistem terhadap variabilitas iklim. Implementasi terintegrasi dari ketiga prinsip ini dapat meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian sebesar 40-60%, mengurangi degradasi lahan, dan meningkatkan sekuestrasi karbon hingga 2-4 ton C/ha/tahun. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan strategi agroekologi yang terintegrasi dapat mendukung keberlanjutan lingkungan dan meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian di lahan kering.
Water Management Optimization in Dryland Agriculture to Enhance Sustainable Agricultural Productivity: Agroecological Principles Approach
Abstract
This study aims to analyze strategies for optimizing water management in dryland areas by applying three agroecological principles: nutrient and water recycling, crop-livestock integration, and system productivity enhancement. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), analyzing 30 articles from international and national journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science, published between 2020-2025. The findings indicate that the application of water recycling principles, such as rainwater harvesting, organic mulching, and in-situ conservation, can increase water use efficiency by 45-65% and reduce evapotranspiration by 25-40%. Crop-livestock integration has been shown to improve soil water retention through the addition of organic matter, enhancing soil structure by up to 50%. Focusing on system productivity, such as the diversification of drought-tolerant crops, agroforestry, and holistic management, can increase water productivity by 35-55% and improve system resilience to climate variability. The integrated implementation of these three principles can increase agricultural productivity by 40-60%, reduce land degradation, and enhance carbon sequestration by 2-4 tons C/ha/year. This study demonstrates that the application of integrated agroecological strategies can support environmental sustainability and improve agricultural productivity in dryland areas.
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