Pendekatan Integrasi Rotasi Tumpangsari dan Amandemen Organik dalam Upaya Keberlanjutan Sistem Pertanian Lahan Kering
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/beywdj59Keywords:
Rotasi Tumpangsari, Amandemen Organik, Lahan Kering, Keberlanjutan PertanianAbstract
Lahan kering memiliki keterbatasan air dan kesuburan tanah, sehingga membutuhkan strategi pengelolaan yang meningkatkan efisiensi sumber daya dan menjaga kesehatan ekosistem. Studi ini bertujuan mengkaji integrasi rotasi–tumpangsari dengan amandemen organik untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan hara dan air dalam mendukung pertanian lahan kering berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review terhadap 20 artikel yang lolos seleksi akhir, terdiri atas 4 artikel dari MDPI, 2 dari SpringerLink, 3 dari Frontiers, dan 11 dari Google Scholar (jurnal internasional maupun nasional terindeks SINTA). Literatur yang direview berfokus pada analisis pola tanam rotasi–tumpangsari yang dikombinasikan dengan bahan organik seperti kompos dan pupuk kandang, serta evaluasi dampaknya terhadap kualitas tanah dan pengelolaan hara–air. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan tematik dan sintesis naratif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi rotasi–tumpangsari dan amandemen organik meningkatkan kandungan bahan organik tanah, memperbaiki struktur tanah, serta meningkatkan kemampuan tanah menahan air dan menyediakan hara bagi tanaman. Pendekatan ini juga menekan erosi, mengurangi ketergantungan pada pestisida sintetik, memperpanjang masa produktif lahan, dan menurunkan risiko kegagalan panen akibat perubahan iklim ekstrem. Studi merekomendasikan model agroekologi yang mengintegrasikan diversifikasi tanaman dan amandemen organik sebagai strategi jangka panjang untuk meningkatkan produktivitas sekaligus menjaga keberlanjutan, dengan implikasi positif bagi ketahanan pangan dan kesejahteraan petani.
An Integration Approach of Intercropping Rotation and Organic Amendments in Efforts to Sustain Dryland Farming Systems
Abstract
Drylands are characterized by limited water availability and low soil fertility, requiring management strategies that improve resource use efficiency while sustaining ecosystem health. This study reviews the integration of crop rotation–intercropping with organic amendments to enhance nutrient and water use efficiency in support of sustainable dryland agriculture. A systematic literature review was conducted on 20 articles that passed the final screening, comprising 4 articles from MDPI, 2 from SpringerLink, 3 from Frontiers, and 11 from Google Scholar (including international journals and nationally indexed SINTA journals). The reviewed literature focused on rotation–intercropping configurations combined with organic inputs such as compost and manure, and evaluated their effects on soil quality and nutrient–water management. Data were examined through thematic analysis and narrative synthesis. The synthesis indicates that integrating rotation–intercropping with organic amendments increases soil organic matter, improves soil structure, and enhances the soil’s capacity to retain water and supply nutrients to crops. This approach also reduces soil erosion, decreases reliance on synthetic pesticides, prolongs the productive lifespan of dryland fields, and lowers the risk of crop failure under extreme climate change and variability. The study recommends an agroecological model that integrates crop diversification with organic amendments as an effective long-term strategy to increase productivity while safeguarding dryland system sustainability, with positive implications for food security and smallholder farmer welfare.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Agustina Ayu Wardani, Lolita Endang Susilowati, Mulyati Mulyati, Suwardji Suwardji
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