Perbandingan Tarif Pajak dan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Antar Negara
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/370tys98Keywords:
Tarif Pajak Penghasilan, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB)Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara tarif pajak dan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang diukur dengan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) di 145 negara pada tahun 2024. Menggunakan analisis uji korelasi, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara tarif pajak, baik tarif pajak perusahaan maupun pajak pribadi dengan PDB. Koefisien korelasi antara PDB dan tarif pajak perusahaan adalah -0.03 dengan p-value 0.73, sedangkan antara PDB dan tarif pajak pribadi adalah -0.033 dengan p-value 0.696, yang menunjukkan bahwa perubahan tarif pajak tidak secara langsung mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Meskipun demikian, analisis perbedaan tarif pajak berdasarkan tingkat PDB negara menunjukkan bahwa negara dengan PDB tinggi cenderung memiliki tarif pajak penghasilan pribadi yang lebih tinggi (rata-rata 32%) dibandingkan dengan negara dengan PDB rendah (rata-rata 28%). Namun, tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan dalam tarif pajak perusahaan antara kedua kelompok negara, dengan nilai rata-rata pajak perusahaan di negara dengan PDB tinggi sebesar 24.5% dan di negara dengan PDB rendah sebesar 21.5%. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa meskipun tarif pajak berperan dalam kebijakan fiskal suatu negara, faktor-faktor lain seperti kapasitas administrasi pajak dan kebijakan pengelolaan ekonomi yang lebih luas lebih dominan dalam mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian ini menyarankan pentingnya kebijakan pajak yang seimbang, yang mempertimbangkan pendanaan pemerintah tanpa menghambat insentif investasi dan produktivitas..
Comparison of Tax Rates and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Across Countries
Abstract
This study aims to identify the relationship between tax rates and economic growth measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 145 countries in 2024. Using correlation analysis, the results show that there is no significant relationship between tax rates, both corporate tax and personal income tax and GDP. The correlation coefficient between GDP and corporate tax rate is -0.03 with a p-value of 0.73, while the correlation between GDP and personal income tax rate is -0.033 with a p-value of 0.696, indicating that changes in tax rates do not directly influence economic growth. However, the analysis of tax rate differences based on the GDP level of countries shows that countries with higher GDP tend to have higher personal income tax rates (an average of 32%) compared to countries with lower GDP (an average of 28%). Nevertheless, no significant difference was found in corporate tax rates between the two groups, with the average corporate tax rate in high GDP countries being 24.5% and in low GDP countries being 21.5%. These findings suggest that although tax rates play a role in a country's fiscal policy, other factors such as tax administration capacity and broader economic management policies are more dominant in influencing economic growth. This study recommends the importance of a balanced tax policy that considers government financing needs without hindering investment incentives and productivity.
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