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Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan, Riwayat Pengobatan, dan Aksesibilitas Antibiotik Terhadap Perilaku Swamedikasi Antibiotik pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Al-Azhar
Vol. 7 No. 1: March 2026
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Dewi, I. A. P. L., Wanadiatri, H., Andriana, A., & Imam, L. Y. P. (2026). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan, Riwayat Pengobatan, dan Aksesibilitas Antibiotik Terhadap Perilaku Swamedikasi Antibiotik pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Al-Azhar. Empiricism Journal, 7(1), 485-500. https://doi.org/10.36312/ej.v7i1.4311
Swamedikasi antibiotik merupakan salah satu penyebab meningkatnya resistensi antimikroba secara global. Mahasiswa kedokteran memiliki dasar pengetahuan farmakologi, praktik penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional masih dapat terjadi akibat kemudahan akses dan kepercayaan diri berlebih dalam melakukan diagnosis mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi swamedikasi antibiotik, karakteristik responden, jenis antibiotik yang dikonsumsi serta hubungan tingkat pengetahuan, riwayat pengobatan, dan aksesibilitas antibiotik dengan perilaku swamedikasi pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Al-Azhar. Penelitian ini menggunakan observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang pada September 2025 melibatkan 84 mahasiswa dari angkatan 2022–2024 yang dipilih melalui proportionate stratified random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner daring dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square (α = 0,05). Sebanyak 39 responden (46,4%) memiliki riwayat swamedikasi antibiotik dalam tiga tahun terakhir, dengan amoksisilin sebagai antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan (69,5%). Sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik (72,6%) dan perilaku swamedikasi yang baik (66,7%). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan (p < 0,001) dan aksesibilitas antibiotik (p = 0,002; PR = 2,75; 95% CI: 1,6–4,7) dengan perilaku swamedikasi antibiotik. Namun, riwayat pengobatan tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan perilaku swamedikasi (p = 0,260). Pengetahuan yang tinggi dan keterbatasan akses antibiotik berperan dalam mendorong perilaku swamedikasi yang lebih rasional.
The Association of Knowledge Level, Treatment History, and Antibiotic Accessibility with Antibiotic Self-Medication Behavior among Medical Students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Al-Azhar
Abstract
Antibiotic self-medication is one of the contributors to the global increase in antimicrobial resistance. Although medical students have a basic understanding of pharmacology, irrational antibiotic use may still occur due to easy access to antibiotics and excessive confidence in making self-diagnoses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic self-medication, respondent characteristics, types of antibiotics used, and the association between knowledge level, treatment history, and antibiotic accessibility with self-medication behavior among students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Al-Azhar. This study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach in September 2025, involving 84 students from the 2022–2024 cohorts selected through proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected using an online questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-square test (α = 0.05). A total of 39 respondents (46.4%) had a history of antibiotic self-medication within the previous three years, with amoxicillin being the most commonly used antibiotic (69.5%). Most respondents had a good level of knowledge (72.6%) and good self-medication behavior (66.7%). Bivariate analysis showed a significant association between knowledge level (p < 0.001) and antibiotic accessibility (p = 0.002; PR = 2.75; 95% CI: 1.6–4.7) with antibiotic self-medication behavior. However, treatment history was not significantly associated with self-medication behavior (p = 0.260). Higher knowledge and limited access to antibiotics were associated with more rational antibiotic self-medication behavior.
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