Implementasi Kebijakan Desentralisasi Daerah Otonomi Baru: Strategi Pembangunan Manusia di Kabupaten Bandung Barat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36312/6hnje679Keywords:
Desentralisasi, Implementasi Kebijakan, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, KepemimpinanAbstract
Pemekaran setiap daerah di Indonesia dengan mewujudkan daerah otonom baru (DOB) sebagai langkah dalam meningkatkan pelayanan publik dan kesejahteraan masyarakat, termasuk pembangunan manusia. Namun, dalam praktiknya, banyak DOB justru tertinggal dalam pencapaian Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan pemekaran daerah dalam meningkatkan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) di Kabupaten Bandung Barat, dengan menggunakan model Van Meter dan Van Horn dengan penambahan indikator kepemimpinan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam, studi dokumen, dan observasi partisipatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan di Kabupaten Bandung Brat masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti tidak sinkronnya tujuan kebijakan dengan indikator kinerja daerah, keterbatasan sumber daya, fragmentasi birokrasi, dan lemahnya kapasitas serta motivasi agen pelaksana. Penambahan elemen kepemimpinan terbukti menjadi variabel penting dalam menjembatani kesenjangan antara kebijakan pusat dan realitas lokal, serta meningkatkan efektivitas koordinasi dan komunikasi lintas lembaga. Temuan ini berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan teori implementasi kebijakan dengan memperluas kerangka analisis klasik. Penelitian ini relevan bagi para pembuat kebijakan, terutama dalam merancang strategi implementasi kebijakan daerah yang lebih adaptif, responsif, dan berbasis konteks lokal.
Kata kunci:
Desentralisasi; Implementasi Kebijakan; Indeks Pembangunan Manusia; Kepemimpinan
Implementation of the New Autonomous Region Decentralization Policy: Human Development Strategy in West Bandung Regency
Abstract
The expansion of each region in Indonesia by establishing new autonomous regions (DOB) is a step to improve public services and community welfare, including human development. However, in practice, many DOBs are lagging behind in achieving the Human Development Index (HDI). This study aims to analyze the implementation of regional expansion policies in improving the Human Development Index (HDI) in West Bandung Regency, using the Van Meter and Van Horn model with the addition of leadership indicators. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, collecting data through in-depth interviews, document studies, and participant observation. The results show that policy implementation in West Bandung Regency still faces various obstacles, such as a lack of synchronization of policy objectives with regional performance indicators, limited resources, bureaucratic fragmentation, and weak capacity and motivation of implementing agents. The addition of leadership elements has proven to be an important variable in bridging the gap between central policies and local realities, as well as increasing the effectiveness of coordination and communication between institutions. These findings contribute to the development of policy implementation theory by expanding the classical analytical framework. This research is relevant for policymakers, especially in designing regional policy implementation strategies that are more adaptive, responsive, and based on local contexts.
Keywords: Decentralisation; Policy Implementation; Human Development Index; Leadership.
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