Analisis Teoretis Kinerja Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) dalam Campuran Asphalt Concrete pada Konstruksi Jalan
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Pemanfaatan Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) dalam campuran Asphalt Concrete (AC) telah banyak diteliti sebagai solusi berkelanjutan dalam konstruksi perkerasan jalan, namun masih terdapat ketidakkonsistenan temuan terkait batas optimal penggunaan RAP yang mampu menjaga keseimbangan antara peningkatan stabilitas dan penurunan fleksibilitas serta ketahanan retak. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis secara sistematis temuan-temuan empiris mengenai pengaruh kadar RAP terhadap kinerja mekanis campuran AC guna mengidentifikasi pola hubungan yang lebih komprehensif. Metode yang digunakan adalah systematic literature review terhadap 15 artikel ilmiah yang dipublikasikan pada rentang tahun 2005–2025 dan diindeks pada database Google Scholar. Artikel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi berupa penelitian eksperimental pada campuran AC dengan variasi kadar RAP, serta dianalisis menggunakan teknik sintesis tematik berbasis parameter kinerja, meliputi stabilitas, kekakuan, deformasi, dan ketahanan retak. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kadar RAP secara konsisten berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan stabilitas dan kekakuan campuran akibat dominasi aged binder, namun pada kadar di atas ±30% terjadi penurunan signifikan pada fleksibilitas dan ketahanan fatigue, sehingga meningkatkan potensi retak dini. Selain itu, studi ini menemukan bahwa penggunaan bahan peremaja (rejuvenator) menjadi faktor kunci dalam mengoptimalkan kinerja campuran RAP tinggi. Temuan ini menegaskan adanya trade-off antara kekuatan struktural dan durabilitas yang perlu dikelola melalui desain campuran berbasis kinerja. Secara praktis, hasil penelitian ini memberikan dasar ilmiah bagi perumusan batas optimal penggunaan RAP dan strategi modifikasi campuran untuk meningkatkan keberlanjutan konstruksi jalan.
Theoretical Analysis of the Performance of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Asphalt Concrete Mixtures for Road Construction
Abstract
The utilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) in Asphalt Concrete (AC) mixtures has been widely studied as a sustainable solution in pavement construction; however, inconsistencies remain regarding the optimal RAP content that can balance increased stability with reduced flexibility and cracking resistance. Therefore, this study aims to systematically synthesize empirical findings on the effect of RAP content on the mechanical performance of AC mixtures in order to identify more comprehensive relationship patterns. The method employed is a systematic literature review of 15 scientific articles published between 2005 and 2025 and indexed in the Google Scholar database. The articles were selected based on inclusion criteria focusing on experimental studies of AC mixtures with varying RAP contents and were analyzed using a thematic synthesis approach based on performance parameters, including stability, stiffness, deformation, and cracking resistance. The synthesis results indicate that increasing RAP content consistently contributes to higher stability and stiffness of the mixture due to the dominance of aged binder; however, at contents above approximately 30%, a significant decrease in flexibility and fatigue resistance is observed, thereby increasing the potential for early cracking. In addition, this study finds that the use of rejuvenating agents (rejuvenators) is a key factor in optimizing the performance of high-RAP mixtures. These findings highlight the existence of a trade-off between structural strength and durability, which must be managed through performance-based mix design. Practically, the results of this study provide a scientific basis for determining the optimal RAP content and developing mix modification strategies to enhance the sustainability of pavement construction.
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