Model Integratif Pengelolaan Air Presisi Berbasis AWD Embung IoT untuk Padi Lahan Kering pada Musim Tanam Kedua: A Systematic Literature Review dan Implikasi Kebijakan di Lombok Tengah
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Keterbatasan ketersediaan air pada musim tanam kedua (MT 2) menjadi kendala utama budidaya padi di wilayah semi-arid seperti Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Berbagai teknologi pengelolaan air, seperti Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), embung, dan Internet of Things (IoT), telah dikembangkan, namun umumnya masih dikaji secara terpisah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyusun model integratif pengelolaan air berbasis AWD–Embung–IoT serta merumuskan implikasi kebijakan untuk mendukung penerapannya pada budidaya padi di wilayah semi-arid. Kajian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) terhadap artikel yang diperoleh dari Google Scholar melalui Publish or Perish (PoP), ScienceDirect, dan Web of Science pada periode 2020–2025. Proses seleksi mengikuti pedoman PRISMA dan menghasilkan 25 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria sintesis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa AWD dilaporkan mampu menghemat penggunaan air irigasi sebesar 25–70%, embung berperan sebagai penyedia cadangan air selama periode defisit, sedangkan IoT mendukung pemantauan dan pengambilan keputusan irigasi secara real-time. Berdasarkan sintesis literatur, integrasi ketiga komponen tersebut berpotensi membentuk sistem pengelolaan air presisi yang menghubungkan aspek demand, supply, dan control dalam suatu closed-loop adaptive system. Kontribusi utama penelitian ini adalah pengembangan kerangka konseptual demand–supply–control sebagai dasar pengelolaan air presisi pada budidaya padi di wilayah semi-arid.
An Integrative Model of Precision Water Management Based on AWD Reservoir IoT for Dryland Rice during the Second Cropping Season: A Systematic Literature Review and Policy Implications in Central Lombok
Abstract
Limited water availability during the second cropping season (MT 2) is a major constraint to rice production in semi-arid regions such as Central Lombok Regency, Indonesia. Various water management technologies, including Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD), farm ponds, and the Internet of Things (IoT), have been developed to improve water-use efficiency; however, these approaches are generally studied separately. This study aimed to develop an integrated AWD–Farm Pond–IoT water management model and formulate policy implications to support its implementation in semi-arid rice production systems. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using articles retrieved from Google Scholar through Publish or Perish (PoP), ScienceDirect, and Web of Science published between 2020 and 2025. The selection process followed PRISMA guidelines and resulted in 25 articles that met the synthesis criteria. The review found that AWD has been reported to reduce irrigation water use by 25–70%, farm ponds function as water storage facilities during deficit periods, and IoT supports real-time monitoring and irrigation decision-making. Based on the literature synthesis, integrating these three components has the potential to establish a precision water management system linking demand, supply, and control within a closed-loop adaptive system. The main contribution of this study is the development of a conceptual demand–supply–control framework as a foundation for precision water management in rice cultivation under semi-arid conditions.
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