Otonomi Strategis Kebijakan Luar Negeri Turki di Tengah Persaingan Pengaruh Amerika Serikat dan Rusia di Timur-Tengah
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Setelah perang dingin usai dinamika politik di kawasan Timur-Tengah mulai berubah. Hal ini berimplikasi terhadap nilai strategis negara anggota NATO khusunya negara yang berbatasan langsung dengan Uni Soviet salah satunya Turki. Kebijakan politik luar negeri Turki pasca perang dingin secara bertahap berubah terutama pada masa kepemimpinan Perdana Menteri Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Pada awalnya Erdogan mengakomodasi kebijakan para pendahulunya khusunya yang berkaitan dengan hubungan strategis dengan negara barat. Namun pada akhir dekade 2010an kawasan Timur tengah dihantam oleh gerakan revolusi yang memberikan efek domino terhadap stabilitas politik negara Arab yang berujung pada perang sipil. Hal tersebut menjadi salah satu penentu kebijakan politik luar negeri Turki yang mulai mengalami pergeseran dan mulai menerapkan otonomi strategis dalam kebijakan luar negerinya. Artikel ini menjelaskan dinamika politik di kawasan Timur Tengah yang berimplikasi terhadap interaksi Turki dengan negara hegemon seperti Amerika Serikat dan Rusia. .
Kata kunci: Separatis Kurdi, Ketahanan Energi, Integritas Kedaulatan, Operasi Militer, Otonomi Regional
Strategic Autonomy of Turkey’s Foreign Policy Amid the Competition for Influence between the United States and Russia in the Middle East
Abstract
After the cold war is over the political dynamic in middle east has changed. This has strategic implication for NATO member countries, especially those who directly border with Soviet Union. Turkish post cold war foreign policy took gradual shifting especially during Erdogan administration. Initially Erdogan accommodate the policies of his predecessors especially those related to strategic relations with western countries. However, in the late 2010s, the Middle East was hit by revolutionary movements that had a domino effect on the political stability of Arab countries that lead to civil war. This became one of the determining factors in Turkey's foreign policy, which began to shift and implement strategic autonomy in its foreign policy. This article explains the political dynamics in the Middle East that have implications for Turkey's interactions with hegemonic powers such as the United States and Russia.
Keywords: Kurdish Separatists, Energy Security, Sovereign Integrity, Military Operations, Regional Autonomy
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