Diskoneksi Kekuatan dan Kekakuan pada Papan Laminasi Sengon: Peran Berat Labur Perekat dan Tekanan Kempa
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Papan laminasi kayu sengon (Falcataria moluccana) berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai material kayu rekayasa berkelanjutan, namun pemanfaatannya masih dibatasi oleh sifat mekanik kayu sengon yang relatif rendah, terutama kekakuan atau modulus elastisitas (MOE). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh berat labur perekat polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) dan tekanan kempa terhadap sifat fisik serta mekanik papan laminasi kayu sengon. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan faktorial 2×2 dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan faktor berat labur perekat 150 dan 200 g/m² serta tekanan kempa 20 dan 30 N/mm², masing-masing dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kerapatan, kadar air, pengembangan tebal, penyusutan tebal, MOE, dan modulus patah (MOR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat fisik papan laminasi secara umum memenuhi standar acuan SNI 03-2105-2006 untuk parameter kadar air dan kerapatan, sedangkan respons pengembangan serta penyusutan tebal menunjukkan variasi antarkombinasi. Analisis ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan dan penyusutan tebal tidak dipengaruhi secara signifikan, sedangkan kadar air dan pengembangan tebal dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh tekanan kempa (p < 0,05). Pada sifat mekanik, nilai MOE berkisar antara 7.089,807–10.164,606 kgf/cm² dan belum memenuhi standar minimum, sedangkan MOR berkisar antara 157,671–277,782 kgf/cm² dan sebagian besar telah memenuhi standar minimum. Interaksi antara berat labur perekat dan tekanan kempa berpengaruh signifikan terhadap MOE dan MOR, menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi kedua faktor proses menentukan performa mekanik papan laminasi. Perlakuan terbaik untuk MOR diperoleh pada kombinasi berat labur dan tekanan kempa yang menghasilkan kekuatan patah tertinggi, sedangkan peningkatan MOE belum sejalan dengan peningkatan MOR. Temuan ini mengindikasikan adanya perbedaan respons antara kekuatan dan kekakuan papan laminasi, sehingga optimasi proses diarahkan tidak hanya pada peningkatan kekuatan patah, tetapi juga pada perbaikan kekakuan material agar lebih sesuai untuk aplikasi struktural ringan.
Strength Stiffness Disconnection in Sengon Laminated Boards: The Role of Adhesive Spread Rate and Pressing Pressure
Abstract
Laminated sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana) has the potential to be developed as a sustainable engineered wood material, but its utilization is still limited by the relatively low mechanical properties of sengon wood, especially stiffness or modulus of elasticity (MOE). This study aims to analyze the effect of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive coating weight and compression pressure on the physical and mechanical properties of sengon wood laminated boards. The study used a 2x2 factorial design in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with adhesive coating weight factors of 150 and 200 g/m² and compression pressures of 20 and 30 N/mm², each with three replications. The parameters observed included density, water content, thickness swelling, thickness shrinkage, MOE, and modulus of rupture (MOR). The results showed that the physical properties of the laminated boards generally met the SNI 03-2105-2006 reference standard for moisture content and density parameters, while the response of thickness swelling and shrinkage showed variations between treatment combinations. ANOVA analysis showed that density and thickness shrinkage were not significantly affected by treatment, while moisture content and thickness swelling were significantly affected by compression pressure (p < 0.05). Regarding mechanical properties, MOE values ranged from 7,089.807–10,164.606 kgf/cm² and did not meet the minimum standard, while MOR values ranged from 157.671–277.782 kgf/cm² and largely met the minimum standard. The interaction between adhesive coating weight and compression pressure significantly influenced MOE and MOR, indicating that the combination of these two process factors determines the mechanical performance of laminated boards. The best treatment for MOR was achieved with the combination of coating weight and compression pressure that produced the highest fracture strength, while the increase in MOE did not correspond to the increase in MOR. These findings indicate a difference in response between the strength and stiffness of laminated boards, so process optimization needs to be directed not only at increasing fracture strength but also at improving material stiffness to make it more suitable for lightweight structural applications.
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