Efektivitas Edukasi Berbasis Media Digital terhadap Kemampuan Self-Care Pasien Hipertensi di Kabupaten Bireuen
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Hipertensi merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang berkontribusi terhadap tingginya morbiditas dan mortalitas serta membutuhkan pengelolaan jangka panjang melalui kemampuan perawatan diri. Rendahnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat menjadi salah satu penyebab belum optimalnya pengendalian hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai efektivitas edukasi berbasis media digital berupa video terhadap kemampuan self-care penderita hipertensi di UPTD Puskesmas Gandapura, Kabupaten Bireuen. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain pre-eksperimental one-group pretest-posttest. Sebanyak 174 responden dipilih melalui purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kemampuan self-care diukur menggunakan Hypertension Self-Care Profile. Intervensi berupa video edukasi berdurasi empat menit disampaikan melalui WhatsApp selama periode observasi delapan minggu. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test karena data tidak berdistribusi normal. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan rata-rata skor self-care dari 2,32 pada pretest menjadi 3,29 pada posttest. Uji statistik menghasilkan nilai Z sebesar −11,428 dengan p-value 0,000, yang menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Dengan demikian, video edukasi melalui media digital efektif meningkatkan kemampuan self-care penderita hipertensi. Pemanfaatan media digital dapat menjadi strategi promosi kesehatan yang inovatif, mudah diakses, dan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian pasien serta mencegah komplikasi hipertensi. Strategi ini dapat melengkapi konseling langsung dan mendukung pelayanan hipertensi yang lebih responsif terhadap kebutuhan pasien di tingkat primer.
Effectiveness of Digital Media-Based Education in Improving Self-Care Abilities among Patients with Hypertension in Bireuen Regency
Abstract
Hypertension is a major global health problem that contributes to high morbidity and mortality and requires long-term management through effective self-care. Limited public knowledge and awareness are among the main causes of suboptimal hypertension control. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital media-based education using an educational video in improving self-care among patients with hypertension at Gandapura Public Health Center, Bireuen Regency. A quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. A total of 174 respondents were selected through purposive sampling based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Self-care ability was measured using the Hypertension Self-Care Profile. The intervention consisted of a four-minute educational video delivered via WhatsApp during an eight-week observation period. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses. Because the data were not normally distributed, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was applied. The results showed an increase in the mean self-care score from 2.32 at pretest to 3.29 at posttest. Statistical analysis yielded a Z-value of −11.428 and a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant difference before and after the intervention. Therefore, educational videos delivered through digital media were effective in improving self-care among patients with hypertension and may support sustainable hypertension management overall.
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