Tradisi Londo Iha dalam Perspektif Sosiologi Antropologi Hukum Islam Masyarakat Suku Mbojo di Kota Bima

Praktik Londo Iha dalam masyarakat Suku Mbojo di Kelurahan Dodu, Kecamatan Rasanae Timur, Kota Bima, merupakan fenomena sosial yang memperlihatkan ketegangan antara pilihan individu, otoritas keluarga, norma adat, dan prinsip hukum Islam. Meskipun dipandang sebagai praktik perkawinan terlarang karena membawa aib bagi keluarga, terutama pihak perempuan, Londo Iha masih ditemukan dalam masyarakat sebagai jalan pintas ketika hubungan pasangan tidak direstui atau ketika terdapat tekanan sosial tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap Londo Iha, faktor-faktor penyebabnya, serta posisinya dalam perspektif sosiologi, antropologi hukum, dan hukum Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif berbasis studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara semi-terstruktur, dan dokumentasi dengan melibatkan tokoh agama, tokoh adat, tokoh pemuda, tokoh perempuan, pelaku, orang tua, dan masyarakat setempat. Data dianalisis melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Londo Iha dipersepsikan sebagai praktik yang merusak kehormatan keluarga dan melanggar tata cara perkawinan adat. Faktor dominan yang memengaruhi praktik ini meliputi kehamilan pranikah, tidak adanya restu orang tua, dorongan individu, pengaruh lingkungan pergaulan, keterbatasan ekonomi, dan rendahnya pendidikan. Secara sosial-hukum, Londo Iha menimbulkan stigma, konflik keluarga, dan kerentanan perempuan. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya penguatan komunikasi keluarga, pendidikan agama, perlindungan perempuan, serta sinergi tokoh adat, tokoh agama, dan pemerintah dalam mencegah dampak sosial Londo Iha.

The Londo Iha Tradition from the Perspective of Sociology and Anthropology of Islamic Law among the Mbojo Ethnic Community in Bima City

Abstract

The practice of Londo Iha among the Mbojo ethnic community in Dodu Village, Rasanae Timur District, Bima City, represents a social phenomenon that reflects tensions between individual choice, family authority, customary norms, and Islamic legal principles. Although it is socially perceived as a prohibited marriage practice because it brings shame to the family, particularly to the woman’s family, Londo Iha is still found in the community as a shortcut when a couple’s relationship is not approved by their parents or when certain social pressures arise. This study aims to analyze community perceptions of Londo Iha, the factors contributing to its occurrence, and its position from sociological, legal-anthropological, and Islamic legal perspectives. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation involving religious leaders, customary leaders, youth leaders, women figures, perpetrators, parents, and local community members. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that Londo Iha is perceived as a practice that damages family honor and violates customary marriage procedures. The dominant factors influencing this practice include premarital pregnancy, lack of parental approval, individual impulses, peer-group influence, economic limitations, and low educational attainment. From a socio-legal perspective, Londo Iha produces stigma, family conflict, and women’s vulnerability. This study highlights the need to strengthen family communication, religious education, women’s protection, and collaboration among customary leaders, religious leaders, and local government to prevent the social consequences of Londo Iha.