Strategi Orang Tua dalam Mengatur Penggunaan Gadget pada Anak Usia Emas
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Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya penggunaan handphone dan akses internet pada anak usia dini. Data Badan Pusat Statistik tahun 2024 menyebut terdapat 37,02 persen anak usia 1-4 tahun dan 58,25 persen anak usia 5-6 tahun yang menggunakan telepon genggam, sedangkan 33,80 persen anak usia 1-4 tahun dan 51,19 persen yang berusia 5-6 tahun tercatat telah mengakses internet. Keadaan ini diperkuat oleh belum optimalnya praktik pengasuhan digital yang dilakukan orang tua, khususnya dalam mengendalikan durasi penggunaan gawai, menyaring konten yang diakses, serta mengawasi situasi penggunaan handphone oleh anak. Lemahnya kontrol tersebut berpotensi mengurangi efektivitas proses pengasuhan dan stimulasi perkembangan anak. Akibatnya, anak cenderung menunjukkan perkembangan sosial-emosional yang kurang optimal, yang tercermin dari munculnya perilaku emosional, tingkat konsentrasi, maupun kemampuan interaksi sosial yang tidak sepenuhnya sesuai dengan tahap perkembangan usianya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alasan orang tua memberikan akses handphone kepada anak usia dini dan bentuk kontrol sosial orang tua dalam mengatur kebiasaan tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus di TK Islam Gerbang Sari, Kecamatan Rengat Barat, Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi terhadap orang tua serta informan kunci yang relevan dengan pendidikan anak usia dini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa orang tua memberikan handphone kepada anak karena kebutuhan menenangkan anak, membantu pekerjaan pengasuhan, menyediakan media belajar, dan menghindari tekanan sosial. Kontrol sosial orang tua dilakukan secara preventif melalui pembatasan waktu, konten, lokasi penggunaan, dan pendampingan, serta secara represif melalui teguran, pengurangan waktu bermain, hukuman sementara, dan pengalihan aktivitas.
Parental Strategies for Managing Children’s Gadget Use During the Golden Age
Abstract
This study was motivated by the increasing use of cell phones and internet access among young children. Data from the Central Statistics Agency in 2024 indicates that 37.02 percent of children aged 1–4 years and 58.25 percent of children aged 5–6 years use mobile phones, while 33.80 percent of children aged 1–4 years and 51.19 percent of those aged 5–6 years have accessed the internet. This situation is exacerbated by parents' suboptimal digital parenting practices, particularly in controlling device use duration, filtering accessed content, and monitoring children's smartphone usage. This lack of control can reduce the effectiveness of the parenting process and the stimulation of children's development. Consequently, children tend to exhibit suboptimal social-emotional development, reflected in emotional behaviors, concentration levels, and social interaction skills that do not fully align with their developmental stage. This study aims to analyze the reasons parents grant smartphone access to young children and the forms of parental social control used to regulate these habits. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach at Gerbang Sari Islamic Kindergarten, Rengat Barat Subdistrict, Indragiri Hulu Regency. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving parents and key informants relevant to early childhood education. The research findings indicate that parents give their children cell phones to calm them down, assist with childcare tasks, provide a learning tool, and avoid social pressure. Parental social control is exercised preventively through restrictions on time, content, and location of use, as well as supervision, and repressively through reprimands, reduced playtime, temporary punishments, and redirecting activities.
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