Perilaku Sedentari dan Kegagalan Intervensi Aktivitas Fisik Sebuah Analisis dalam Promosi Kesehatan
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Perilaku sedentari menjadi salah satu permasalahan penting dalam promosi kesehatan karena berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan risiko penyakit tidak menular, gangguan kesehatan mental, serta penurunan kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perilaku sedentari serta faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kegagalan intervensi aktivitas fisik dalam konteks promosi kesehatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah tinjauan literatur dengan pendekatan PRISMA terhadap artikel ilmiah yang diperoleh dari database PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, dan ProQuest pada rentang tahun 2015–2024. Hasil penelusuran awal menemukan sejumlah artikel yang kemudian diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi hingga diperoleh artikel yang layak dianalisis. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling berdasarkan relevansi topik, kualitas metodologi, dan kesesuaian tujuan penelitian. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar telaah literatur yang disusun berdasarkan aspek relevansi, kualitas metodologi, dan kesesuaian topik; validitas instrumen dilakukan melalui telaah ahli, sedangkan reliabilitas ditunjukkan melalui konsistensi penilaian antar penelaah. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sintesis naratif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku sedentari berhubungan dengan penurunan kesehatan fisik, kesehatan mental, dan kualitas hidup individu. Kegagalan intervensi aktivitas fisik dilaporkan berkaitan dengan rendahnya motivasi individu, kurangnya dukungan sosial, keterbatasan lingkungan, desain intervensi yang kurang efektif, serta belum optimalnya kebijakan promosi kesehatan. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi promosi kesehatan yang komprehensif, terintegrasi, dan berbasis dukungan individu, sosial, lingkungan, serta kebijakan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas fisik dan mengurangi perilaku sedentari.
Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity Intervention Failure an Analysis in Health Promotion
Abstract
Sedentary behavior has become an important issue in health promotion because it contributes to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, mental health disorders, and decreased quality of life. This study aims to analyze sedentary behavior and the factors contributing to the failure of physical activity interventions in the context of health promotion. This research employed a literature review design using the PRISMA approach to examine scientific articles obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest databases published between 2015 and 2024. The initial search identified a number of articles, which were subsequently screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria until eligible studies were selected for analysis. The sampling technique used purposive sampling based on topic relevance, methodological quality, and alignment with the research objectives. The research instrument consisted of a literature review checklist developed based on aspects of relevance, methodological quality, and topic suitability; instrument validity was assessed through expert review, while reliability was demonstrated through consistency of assessment among reviewers. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative descriptive analysis with a narrative synthesis approach. The findings indicate that sedentary behavior is associated with decreased physical health, mental health, and overall quality of life. The failure of physical activity interventions was reported to be related to low individual motivation, lack of social support, environmental limitations, ineffective intervention design, and suboptimal health promotion policies. The conclusion of this study highlights the need for comprehensive and integrated health promotion strategies based on individual, social, environmental, and policy support to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior.
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