Infrastructure Condition on Sustainable Tourism in Tsunami-Prone Areas: A Case Study of West Nias, North Sumatera
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Coastal tourism destinations in Indonesia offer substantial economic benefits but are highly vulnerable to tsunami hazards. Limited studies have integrated tourism infrastructure assessment, disaster-mitigation infrastructure assessment, and spatial analysis to support sustainable tourism planning in high-risk coastal areas. This study evaluates the condition of tourism and tsunami-mitigation infrastructure at Sirombu Beach, West Nias Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining field observations, questionnaire surveys, stakeholder interviews, and GIS-based spatial analysis. Data were collected from 66 community respondents, 96 tourists, and six key stakeholders. Infrastructure was assessed using a framework consisting of 12 tourism infrastructure components and three disaster-mitigation infrastructure categories. The results show that tourism infrastructure remains inadequate, with only 6 of 12 assessed components available (50%). Several facilities, including road access, public toilets, gazebos, and the Tourist Information Center (TIC), were damaged or poorly maintained. Disaster-mitigation infrastructure was even more limited, with only one of three infrastructure categories available (33.33%), while evacuation routes, assembly points, and disaster signage were absent. Respondents identified road accessibility and disaster preparedness facilities as the highest development priorities. The findings highlight the need for integrated tourism and disaster-risk-reduction planning through improved road access, sanitation facilities, waste management systems, evacuation infrastructure, and coastal protection measures to enhance the sustainability and resilience of tsunami-prone tourism destinations.
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