Perkembangan dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kualitas Konsumsi Pangan pada Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat Periode 2021–2025
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Kualitas konsumsi pangan merupakan salah satu indikator penting dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan dan peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Namun, kualitas konsumsi pangan masyarakat pada kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) masih menghadapi tantangan berupa diversifikasi pangan yang belum optimal dan disparitas antarwilayah. Di sisi lain, kajian mengenai perkembangan kualitas konsumsi pangan dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya pada tingkat kabupaten/kota di Provinsi NTB masih relatif terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan kualitas konsumsi pangan dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya pada kabupaten/kota di Provinsi NTB selama periode 2021–2025. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan inferensial. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) Modul Konsumsi dan Pengeluaran periode Maret 2021–2025 serta publikasi Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) pada 10 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi NTB, sehingga diperoleh 50 observasi. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk menggambarkan perkembangan kualitas konsumsi pangan berdasarkan indikator Pola Pangan Harapan (PPH), sedangkan analisis inferensial menggunakan regresi linear berganda berbentuk log-log dengan variabel pendapatan per kapita, pangsa pengeluaran pangan, tingkat pendidikan, jumlah penduduk, dan Indeks Harga Konsumen (IHK). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor PPH cenderung meningkat, meskipun disparitas antarwilayah masih terjadi. Pendapatan per kapita dan pangsa pengeluaran pangan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap skor PPH. Tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan, sedangkan jumlah penduduk dan IHK tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Nilai Adjusted R² sebesar 0,607 menunjukkan bahwa model mampu menjelaskan 60,7 persen variasi skor PPH. Temuan ini mengindikasikan perlunya penguatan diversifikasi pangan berbasis pangan lokal dan peningkatan akses masyarakat terhadap pangan yang beragam dan bergizi.
Trends and Determinants of Food Consumption Quality across Regencies/Municipalities in West Nusa Tenggara Province, 2021–2025
Abstract
Food consumption quality is an important indicator in supporting food security and improving the quality of human resources. However, food consumption quality in the regencies/cities of West Nusa Tenggara Province (NTB) still faces challenges, particularly limited food diversification and regional disparities. In addition, studies on the development of food consumption quality and the factors affecting it at the regency/city level in NTB remain limited. This study aims to analyze the development of food consumption quality and the factors affecting it in the regencies/cities of West Nusa Tenggara Province during the period 2021–2025. This study employed a quantitative method with descriptive and inferential approaches. The data used were secondary data obtained from the National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) Consumption and Expenditure Module for March 2021–2025 and publications of Statistics Indonesia (BPS) covering 10 regencies/cities in NTB, resulting in 50 observations. Descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the development of food consumption quality based on the Food Consumption Pattern Score (PPH), while inferential analysis was performed using a log-log multiple linear regression model with per capita income, food expenditure share, education level, population size, and Consumer Price Index (CPI) as independent variables. The results showed that the PPH score tended to increase during the study period, although regional disparities still persisted. Per capita income and food expenditure share had a positive and significant effect on the PPH score. Education level had a negative and significant effect, while population size and CPI had no significant effect. The Adjusted R² value of 0.607 indicates that the model explained 60.7 percent of the variation in the PPH score. These findings suggest the need to strengthen local food-based diversification and improve access to diverse and nutritious foods to enhance food consumption quality.
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