Pendekatan KGA Untuk Peningkatan Pemahaman Konsep Pengurangan pada Pembelajaran Matematika Kelas 1 SD
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Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kemampuan berpikir bilangan pada pengurangan peserta didik masih rendah. Rendahnya pemahaman konsep pengurangan pada siswa kelas 1 SD Siswa cenderung hafal simbol tanpa memahami makna “mengambil” atau “mengurangi” dari suatu kumpulan. Hal ini menyebabkan kesulitan saat menyelesaikan soal cerita, dan konsep pengurangan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep pengurangan melalui penerapan pendekatan KGA, yaitu Konkret – Gambar – Abstrak, pada pembelajaran matematika kelas 1 SD. Penelitian merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan model Kemmis & McTaggart. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 1 SD berjumlah 23 siswa. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu tes pemahaman konsep, lembar observasi aktivitas guru dan siswa, dan dokumentasi. Indikator keberhasilan penelitian ini 83% peserta didik mencapai KKM ≥75. . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan. Pada pra siklus menunjukkan 35% yang tuntas. Setelah ada perbaikan pada siklus I menunjukkan 57% yang tuntas. Serta Pada siklus II yang mencapai ketuntasan 83%. Pendekatan KGA membantu siswa memahami konsep pengurangan secara bertahap Siswa menjadi lebih aktif, dan mampu menjelaskan proses pengurangan dengan bahasa sendiri.Simpulan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan KGA efektif meningkatkan pemahaman konsep pengurangan siswa kelas 1 SD. Guru disarankan menerapkan tahapan KGA secara runtut dan menggunakan media yang dekat dengan siswa agar pembelajaran matematika lebih bermakna.
Kata kunci: Konsep Pengurangan, Matematika, Pendekatan KGA.
Improving First-Grade Elementary Students’ Conceptual Understanding of Subtraction through the KGA Approach
Abstract
This research is motivated by the low numerical reasoning ability of students in subtraction. First-grade elementary school students have a low understanding of the concept of subtraction. Students tend to memorize symbols without understanding the meaning of "taking" or "subtracting" from a set. This causes difficulties when solving story problems and other subtraction concepts. This study aims to improve understanding of the concept of subtraction through the application of the KGA approach (Concrete-Image-Abstract) in mathematics learning for first-grade elementary school students. This study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) using the Kemmis & McTaggart model. The subjects were 23 first-grade elementary school students. The study was conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action implementation, observation, and reflection. The research instruments used were a conceptual understanding test, observation sheets of teacher and student activities, and documentation. The success indicator for this study was that 83% of students achieved the Minimum Completion Score (KKM) of ≥75. The results showed significant improvement. In the pre-cycle, 35% completed the task. After improvements in the first cycle, 57% completed the task. And in cycle II, which achieved 83% completion. The KGA approach helps students understand the concept of subtraction gradually. Students become more active and are able to explain the subtraction process in their own words. The conclusion of this study is that the KGA approach is effective in improving the understanding of the concept of subtraction in grade 1 elementary school students. Teachers are advised to apply the KGA stages sequentially and use media familiar to students to make mathematics learning more meaningful.
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