Faktor Risiko Kematian Difteri Berdasarkan Penyelidikan Epidemiologi di Provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2023-2025
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Difteri masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia karena kasus dan kematian akibat penyakit ini masih ditemukan setiap tahun, termasuk di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor risiko kematian difteri berdasarkan data penyelidikan epidemiologi di Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2023–2025. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan kasus kontrol menggunakan data sekunder dari Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 19 kasus kematian dan 76 kontrol yang dipilih. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi usia, status imunisasi, status gizi, gejala klinis, pemberian Anti Difteri Serum (ADS), dan pemberian antibiotik. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik sederhana untuk seleksi kandidat variabel dan regresi logistik berganda untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko kematian difteri. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa usia (p=0,072), status imunisasi (p=0,120), dan pemberian ADS (p=0,142) memenuhi kriteria kandidat analisis multivariat. Namun, hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat variabel yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kematian difteri. Meskipun demikian, usia ≤5 tahun menunjukkan kecenderungan meningkatkan peluang kematian. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa faktor risiko kematian difteri di Provinsi Jawa Timur tahun 2023–2025 belum dapat dijelaskan secara signifikan oleh variabel yang dianalisis sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dan variabel yang lebih komprehensif.
Risk Factors for Diptheria Mortality Based on Epidemiological Investigastions in East Java Province 2023-2025
Abstract
Diphtheria remains a public health problem in Indonesia, as cases and deaths due to this disease are still reported annually, including in East Java Province. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for diphtheria mortality based on epidemiological investigation data in East Java Province from 2023 to 2025. This was an analytical observational study using a case-control design with secondary data obtained from the East Java Provincial Health Office. The study sample consisted of 19 death cases and 76 selected controls. The variables examined included age, immunization status, nutritional status, clinical symptoms, administration of Anti-Diphtheria Serum (ADS), and antibiotic treatment. Data analysis was performed using simple logistic regression for candidate variable selection and multiple logistic regression to identify risk factors for diphtheria mortality. Bivariate analysis showed that age (p=0.072), immunization status (p=0.120), and ADS administration (p=0.142) met the criteria as candidates for multivariate analysis. However, the multivariate analysis indicated that no variables were significantly associated with diphtheria mortality. Nevertheless, age ≤5 years showed a tendency to increase the risk of death. This study concludes that the risk factors for diphtheria mortality in East Java Province from 2023 to 2025 could not be significantly explained by the variables analyzed; therefore, further research with a larger sample size and more comprehensive variables is needed.
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