Analisis Konsentrasi PM2.5 dan Karakteristik Individu terhadap Keluhan Pernapasan pada Pekerja Industri Keripik Tempe Sanan
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Pertumbuhan populasi di Indonesia meningkatkan kebutuhan minyak goreng nabati sebagai konsumsi harian. Pada 2023 menurut data Badan Pangan Nasional, konsumsi mencapai 9,56 kg/kapita/tahun dengan total kebutuhan 2,66 juta ton/tahun atau sekitar 253 kkal/kapita/hari. Aktivitas pemanasan minyak, terutama pada industri rumahan, menghasilkan uap yang mengandung partikulat (PM) dan berpotensi menurunkan kualitas udara serta membahayakan pekerja jika tidak dikendalikan dengan baik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Jumlah responden sebanyak 66 orang pekerja dengan metode simple random sampling. Pekerja tersebut merupakan pekerja dari dapur X dan dapur Y. Pengukuran konsentrasi PM2.5, suhu, dan kelembapan dilakukan sebanyak dua kali per dapur. Pengukuran PM2.5 dilakukan dengan alat EVM-7. Keluhan pernapasan diukur menggunakan kuisioner ATS-DLD 78A, yang didalamnya juga menanyakan masa kerja, lama kerja, dan durasi kerja. Lalu, dilakukan analisis data menggunakan Chi-Square. Hasil pengukuran menunjukan bahwa satu dari dua dapur memiliki konsentrasi PM2.5 yang melebihi baku mutu. Suhu dan kelembapan dari kedua dapur berada diatas baku mutu yang berlaku. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara usia dan keluhan pernapasan (p-value = 0,030). Terdapat juga hubungan antara masa kerja dengan keluhan pernapasan (p-value = 0,017). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara lama kerja dan keluhan pernapasan (p-value = 0,537). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara durasi kerja dan keluhan pernapasan (p-value = 0,100). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi PM2.5 dapat ditekan oleh ventilasi dan exhaust fan yang cukup. Masa kerja yang tinggi di lingkungan dengan konsentrasi PM2.5 dapat berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan keluhan pernapasan. Usia pekerja juga memiliki hubungan dalam meningkatkan keluhan pernapasan
Analysis PM2.5 Concentrations and Individual Characteristics in Relation to Respiratory Complaints Among Sanan Tempeh Workers
Abstract
Population growth in Indonesia has increased the demand for vegetable cooking oil as a daily necessity. In 2023, consumption reached 9.56 kg per capita per year, with a total domestic demand of 2.66 million tons annually. The heating of cooking oil, especially in home-based industries, generates fumes containing particulate matter (PM), including PM2.5, which may reduce air quality and affect workers’ respiratory health. This analytical observational study used a cross-sectional design involving 66 workers selected through simple random sampling from two home-industry kitchens. PM2.5 concentration, temperature, and humidity were measured using an EVM-7 device. Respiratory complaints were assessed using the ATS-DLD-78A questionnaire, which also collected information on age, length of employment, working hours, and work duration. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that one kitchen had PM2.5 concentrations exceeding the permissible standard. Temperature and humidity levels in both kitchens were also above the recommended limits. Statistical analysis revealed significant relationships between age and respiratory complaints (p = 0.030) and between length of employment and respiratory complaints (p = 0.017). However, no significant relationships were found between working hours and respiratory complaints (p = 0.537) or between work duration and respiratory complaints (p = 0.100). The study concludes that adequate ventilation and the use of exhaust fans can help reduce PM2.5 concentrations in kitchen environments. Longer employment in workplaces with elevated PM2.5 exposure may increase the risk of respiratory complaints, while increasing age is also associated with a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms among workers.
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