Implementasi Kebijakan Dinas Sosial dalam Penyaluran Bantuan Sosial bagi Masyarakat Miskin di Kabupaten Aceh Singkil
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Implementasi kebijakan bantuan sosial merupakan salah satu instrumen penting dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan, namun efektivitasnya masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan terutama pada wilayah dengan karakter geografis kompleks. Studi sebelumnya lebih banyak membahas efektivitas program bantuan sosial dan ketepatan sasaran penerima manfaat, sementara kajian mengenai bagaimana faktor implementasi kebijakan, pengelolaan DTKS-SIKS-NG, kapasitas birokrasi lokal, dan hambatan geografis berinteraksi dalam pelaksanaan bantuan sosial pada wilayah daratan, pesisir, dan kepulauan masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan bantuan sosial oleh Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Aceh Singkil berdasarkan perspektif komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi dalam model implementasi Edwards III. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi dengan melibatkan 18 informan yang terdiri atas pegawai Dinas Sosial, operator DTKS/SIKS-NG, pendamping sosial, aparatur gampong, dan penerima bantuan sosial. Data dianalisis menggunakan model Miles et al. melalui tahapan kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan bantuan sosial di Kabupaten Aceh Singkil telah berjalan melalui mekanisme pendataan, verifikasi, validasi, koordinasi, dan penyaluran bantuan. Namun, efektivitas implementasi masih dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu keterlambatan pemutakhiran DTKS, keterbatasan kapasitas pelaksana, belum optimalnya komunikasi kebijakan kepada masyarakat, serta hambatan akses layanan pada wilayah pesisir dan kepulauan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakter geografis dan kapasitas administrasi lokal menjadi faktor kontekstual yang memperkuat atau membatasi keberhasilan implementasi kebijakan bantuan sosial. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis integratif antara model implementasi kebijakan Edwards III dengan dinamika pengelolaan DTKS-SIKS-NG pada wilayah dengan karakter geografis kompleks. Penelitian merekomendasikan penguatan pemutakhiran data secara berkala, peningkatan kapasitas aparatur, optimalisasi koordinasi lintas sektor, serta pengembangan mekanisme pelayanan sosial yang adaptif terhadap kondisi geografis daerah.
Implementation of Social Service Policy in Distributing Social Assistance to Poor Communities in Aceh Singkil Regency
Abstract
Social assistance policy implementation represents an important instrument for poverty alleviation; however, its effectiveness remains challenging, particularly in regions with complex geographical characteristics. Previous studies have mainly focused on social assistance effectiveness and beneficiary targeting accuracy, while limited attention has been given to how policy implementation factors, DTKS-SIKS-NG data management, local bureaucratic capacity, and geographical barriers interact in implementing social assistance policies across mainland, coastal, and island areas. This study aims to analyze the implementation of social assistance policies by the Social Affairs Office of Aceh Singkil Regency based on Edwards III’s implementation framework, which includes communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving 18 informants consisting of Social Affairs Office staff, DTKS/SIKS-NG operators, social assistance facilitators, village officials, and beneficiaries. Data were analyzed using Miles et al.’s interactive model through data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that social assistance implementation in Aceh Singkil has been carried out through beneficiary data collection, verification, validation, coordination, and distribution mechanisms. However, implementation effectiveness remains constrained by delayed DTKS updating, limited implementation capacity, insufficient policy communication, and accessibility challenges in coastal and island areas. This study highlights that geographical characteristics and local administrative capacity serve as contextual factors influencing the success of social assistance implementation. The novelty of this research lies in integrating Edwards III’s policy implementation framework with DTKS-SIKS-NG management dynamics in a geographically complex region. The study recommends strengthening periodic data updating, improving the capacity of policy implementers, enhancing interinstitutional coordination, and developing adaptive social service mechanisms responsive to local geographical conditions.
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