Evaluasi Metode EOQ untuk Stabilitas Persediaan Bahan Baku UMKM Kopi Kotamobagu
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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi metode Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) sebagai dasar pengendalian persediaan bahan baku pada UMKM Kopi Kotamobagu. Urgensi penelitian didasarkan pada data awal bahwa UMKM membeli biji kopi robusta 150 kg per pesanan dengan frekuensi 24 kali per tahun, lead time pemasok 5-7 hari, dan ruang simpan kering yang terbatas. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan desain studi kasus. Unit analisis utama adalah data numerik persediaan, meliputi penggunaan bahan baku, pembelian, biaya pemesanan, biaya penyimpanan, dan lead time periode Januari-Desember 2025. Wawancara terhadap pemilik, penanggung jawab produksi, bagian administrasi, dan pemasok digunakan untuk memverifikasi data. Instrumen penelitian meliputi lembar observasi, pedoman wawancara, format dokumentasi persediaan, dan tabel kerja EOQ. Analisis dilakukan dengan menghitung EOQ, Total Inventory Cost, safety stock, reorder point, serta skenario sensitivitas permintaan, biaya, lead time, dan kapasitas gudang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem aktual menghasilkan biaya persediaan Rp2.625.000 per tahun. EOQ menghasilkan kuantitas ekonomis 490 kg, frekuensi 7-8 kali per tahun, biaya persediaan Rp1.470.000, safety stock 41 kg, dan reorder point 91 kg. Efisiensi biaya sebesar Rp1.155.000 atau 44% tetap perlu dipertimbangkan bersama kesiapan modal kerja, kapasitas penyimpanan, dan risiko mutu bahan baku.
EOQ Method Evaluation for Raw Material Inventory Stability in Kotamobagu Coffee MSMEs
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method as a basis for raw material inventory control in a coffee MSME in Kotamobagu. The urgency is based on preliminary data showing that the MSME orders 150 kg of robusta coffee beans per purchase, makes 24 orders per year, faces supplier lead time of 5-7 days, and has limited dry storage capacity. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with a case study design. The main unit of analysis was numerical inventory data, including raw material usage, purchasing records, ordering costs, holding costs, and lead time for January-December 2025. Interviews with the owner, production supervisor, administrative staff, and supplier were used to verify the data. The instruments included observation sheets, interview guidelines, inventory documentation forms, and EOQ worksheets. Data were analyzed by calculating EOQ, Total Inventory Cost, safety stock, reorder point, and sensitivity scenarios for demand, costs, lead time, and warehouse capacity. The findings show that the existing system generates an annual inventory cost of IDR 2,625,000. The EOQ calculation produces an economic order quantity of 490 kg, 7-8 orders per year, inventory cost of IDR 1,470,000, safety stock of 41 kg, and reorder point of 91 kg. The cost efficiency of IDR 1,155,000 or 44% should be considered together with working capital readiness, storage capacity, and raw material quality risks.
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