Analisis Fitokimia Kualitatif Ekstrak Etanol 96% Daun Keji Beling (Strobilanthes crispus)
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Daun keji beling (Strobilanthes crispus) diketahui mengandung berbagai golongan metabolit sekunder, tetapi profil fitokimianya dapat bervariasi bergantung pada kondisi bahan, pelarut, dan metode ekstraksi yang digunakan. Penelitian terdahulu telah melaporkan keberadaan beberapa metabolit sekunder pada S. crispus, namun perbedaan kondisi ekstraksi dapat menghasilkan profil deteksi yang berbeda, sehingga karakterisasi kualitatif pada ekstrak yang diperoleh melalui maserasi dengan etanol 96% tetap diperlukan sebagai informasi awal untuk standardisasi ekstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi secara kualitatif golongan metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak etanol 96% daun S. crispus yang diperoleh melalui metode maserasi. Penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimental laboratorium. Daun S. crispus dikeringkan, kemudian dimaserasi menggunakan etanol 96% dengan perbandingan bahan dan pelarut 1:10 selama lima hari. Ekstrak yang diperoleh selanjutnya diskrining secara kualitatif menggunakan pereaksi spesifik untuk mendeteksi flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, saponin, steroid, dan triterpenoid. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh golongan metabolit sekunder yang diuji terdeteksi positif, yaitu flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, saponin, steroid, dan triterpenoid. Profil tersebut memberikan karakterisasi awal ekstrak S. crispus yang diperoleh pada kondisi maserasi dengan etanol 96% dan menunjukkan bahwa saponin juga terdeteksi pada ekstrak dalam kondisi penelitian ini, yang dapat berbeda dari hasil penelitian dengan kondisi ekstraksi lainnya. Temuan ini memperkuat informasi dasar mengenai profil fitokimia ekstrak daun S. crispus, tetapi belum dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kadar maupun identitas senyawa spesifik. Penelitian lanjutan menggunakan HPLC, LC–MS/MS, GC–MS, atau NMR diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi, mengkuantifikasi, dan menetapkan senyawa penanda sebagai dasar standardisasi ekstrak.
Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of 96% Ethanol Extract of Keji Beling (Strobilanthes crispus) Leaves
Abstract
The leaves of Strobilanthes crispus are known to contain various classes of secondary metabolites; however, their phytochemical profiles may vary depending on plant material, solvent, and extraction conditions. Previous studies have reported several secondary metabolites in S. crispus, but differences in extraction conditions may result in different detection profiles. Therefore, qualitative characterization of S. crispus extract obtained by maceration with 96% ethanol remains relevant as preliminary information for extract standardization. This study aimed to qualitatively characterize the secondary metabolite classes present in 96% ethanolic extract of S. crispus leaves obtained through the maceration method. A laboratory experimental design was employed. The leaves were dried and macerated using 96% ethanol at a material-to-solvent ratio of 1:10 for five days. The resulting extract was qualitatively screened using specific reagents to detect flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. The results showed positive reactions for all tested secondary metabolite classes, namely flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. This profile provides preliminary characterization of S. crispus extract obtained under the 96% ethanol maceration conditions used in this study and demonstrates the detection of saponins under these conditions, which may differ from findings obtained using other extraction conditions. These findings provide baseline phytochemical information for S. crispus leaf extract; however, they do not establish the concentration or specific chemical identity of the detected compounds. Further studies using HPLC, LC–MS/MS, GC–MS, or NMR are required to identify, quantify, and establish marker compounds as a basis for extract standardization.
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