Agensi Perempuan dalam Tradisi Londo Iha pada Masyarakat Suku Mbojo di Kabupaten Dompu : Perspektif 'Urf
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Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis praktik Londo Iha dalam masyarakat Suku Mbojo di Kabupaten Dompu, mengkaji bentuk agensi perempuan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan, serta menilai kedudukan tradisi tersebut berdasarkan teori 'urf dalam hukum Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap tokoh agama, tokoh adat, perempuan yang pernah menjalani Londo Iha, keluarga pelaku, serta aparat pemerintah. Data dianalisis menggunakan teori agensi perempuan dari Naila Kabeer dan teori 'urf sebagai kerangka analisis utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik Londo Iha tidak selalu mencerminkan subordinasi perempuan. Dalam beberapa kasus, perempuan memiliki kapasitas untuk menentukan pilihan, melakukan negosiasi dengan pasangan maupun keluarga, serta menggunakan tradisi tersebut sebagai strategi untuk mencapai tujuan perkawinan. Namun demikian, kemampuan tersebut masih dipengaruhi oleh struktur sosial, norma adat, kondisi ekonomi, pendidikan, dan relasi kekuasaan dalam keluarga. Dari perspektif 'urf, praktik Londo Iha dapat dikategorikan sebagai 'urf ṣaḥīḥ sepanjang dilaksanakan atas dasar persetujuan kedua calon mempelai, tidak mengandung unsur paksaan, serta tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam. Sebaliknya, praktik yang mengandung unsur pemaksaan, penculikan, atau menghilangkan hak perempuan untuk menentukan pilihan tidak dapat dibenarkan karena bertentangan dengan tujuan syariat (maqāṣid al-syarī'ah). Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa keberlangsungan tradisi Londo Iha memerlukan rekonstruksi nilai agar tetap selaras dengan perlindungan hak perempuan dan prinsip keadilan dalam hukum Islam.
Women's Agency in the Londo Iha Tradition among the Mbojo Community in Dompu Regency: Perspectives of 'Urf
Abstract
This study aims to examine the practice of Londo Iha, analyze women's agency in the decision-making process, and evaluate the tradition through the concept of 'urf in Islamic law. This research employs an empirical legal method with a qualitative approach. Primary data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving religious leaders, customary leaders, women who experienced Londo Iha, family members, and local government officials. The findings were analyzed using Naila Kabeer's theory of women's agency and the theory of 'urf as the principal analytical frameworks. The study reveals that Londo Iha does not necessarily reflect women's subordination. In many cases, women actively exercise agency by making decisions, negotiating with their partners and families, and strategically using the tradition to achieve marriage. Nevertheless, their agency remains constrained by customary norms, family authority, educational background, and economic conditions. From the perspective of 'urf, Londo Iha may be regarded as 'urf ṣaḥīḥ when it is based on the mutual consent of both prospective spouses, free from coercion, and consistent with the principles of Islamic law. Conversely, practices involving coercion, abduction, or the denial of women's autonomy cannot be justified because they contradict the objectives of Islamic law (maqāṣid al-sharī'ah). The study concludes that preserving Londo Iha requires a reconstruction of customary values that harmonizes local traditions with the protection of women's rights and the principles of justice in Islamic law.
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