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Efektivitas Teknik Modeling Simbolik Berbantuan Media Visual Terhadap Efikasi Diri Siswa
Vol. 7 No. 3: September 2026
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Kamil, M. R., Rahmawati, W. K., & Fauziyah, N. (2026). Efektivitas Teknik Modeling Simbolik Berbantuan Media Visual Terhadap Efikasi Diri Siswa. Empiricism Journal, 7(3), 3700-3713. https://doi.org/10.36312/ej.v7i3.6436
Efikasi diri merupakan keyakinan individu terhadap kemampuannya dalam menyelesaikan tugas dan menghadapi berbagai tantangan akademik. Siswa dengan efikasi diri rendah cenderung menunjukkan keraguan terhadap kemampuan dirinya, kurang gigih dalam menghadapi kesulitan, dan lebih mudah menyerah ketika menghadapi hambatan belajar. Berbagai penelitian telah mengkaji penggunaan teknik modeling simbolik untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri, namun sebagian besar menggunakan pengukuran sebelum dan sesudah intervensi sehingga belum memberikan gambaran mengenai perkembangan efikasi diri selama proses layanan berlangsung. Penelitian ini mengkaji perkembangan efikasi diri siswa melalui penerapan modeling simbolik berbantuan media visual dengan pengukuran berulang pada setiap tahap intervensi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif pra-eksperimental dengan desain One-Group Time Series Design. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas 8 siswa kelas X SMKS Trunojoyo Jember yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan skala efikasi diri dengan koefisien reliabilitas Cronbach's Alpha sebesar 0,982. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk, dan Paired Sample t-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata skor efikasi diri meningkat secara bertahap dari 106,25 pada pretest menjadi 116,38 pada posttest pertama, 118,50 pada posttest kedua, 123,37 pada posttest ketiga, dan 127,75 pada posttest keempat. Hasil uji Paired Sample t-Test menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor pretest dan seluruh skor posttest (p < 0,05). Temuan ini menunjukkan peningkatan efikasi diri siswa selama rangkaian intervensi bimbingan kelompok serta memberikan indikasi bahwa penerapan modeling simbolik berbantuan media visual dapat mendukung pengembangan efikasi diri siswa secara bertahap.
The Effectiveness of the Symbolic Modeling Technique Assisted by Visual Media on Student Self-Efficacy
Abstract
Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their ability to complete tasks and overcome academic challenges. Students with low self-efficacy tend to experience self-doubt, limited persistence, and difficulties when facing learning obstacles. Previous studies have widely examined the use of symbolic modeling techniques to enhance students' self-efficacy; however, most have relied on pretest-posttest measurements and have provided limited information regarding the development of self-efficacy throughout the intervention process. Therefore, this study examined the development of students' self-efficacy through the implementation of symbolic modeling assisted by visual media using repeated measurements at each stage of the intervention. This study employed a quantitative pre-experimental approach with a One-Group Time Series Design. The participants consisted of eight tenth-grade students at SMKS Trunojoyo Jember selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a self-efficacy scale with a Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.982. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and the Paired Sample t-Test. The results showed that the mean self-efficacy score increased progressively from 106.25 at the pretest to 116.38 at the first posttest, 118.50 at the second posttest, 123.37 at the third posttest, and 127.75 at the fourth posttest. The Paired Sample t-Test indicated significant differences between the pretest and all posttest scores (p < 0.05). These findings showed an increase in students' self-efficacy throughout the group guidance intervention and provide indications that symbolic modeling assisted by visual media may support the gradual development of students' self-efficacy.
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