Risiko Komplikasi Kehamilan dan Persalinan pada Kehamilan Remaja: Tinjauan Literatur Review
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Kehamilan remaja masih menjadi isu kesehatan reproduksi nasional dan global dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi, pernikahan dini, serta faktor sosial dan ekonomi. WHO melaporkan bahwa di negara berkembang sekitar 21 juta remaja usia 15-19 tahun hamil dan separuh diantaranya melahirkan. Berdasarkan data penelitian di Indonesia oleh Bapennas pada tahun 2025, sebanyak 19,7 per 1000 kelahiran hidup bayi dilahirkan oleh remaja perempuan usia 15-19 tahun. Meskipun penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan risiko komplikasi, besarnya hubungan belum konsisten karena perbedaan karakteristik dari penelitian sehingga diperlukan sintesis mengenai risiko komplikasi kehamilan dan persalinan pada kehamilan remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji risiko komplikasi kehamilan dan persalinan pada kehamilan remaja. Tinjauan literatur sistematis menggunakan metode PRISMA. Data diperoleh dari Scopus, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect dengan kriteria publikasi artikel 5 tahun terakhir, berbahasa inggris, dan termasuk artikel penelitian sehingga menemukan tujuh artikel yang layak sebagai bahan literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehamilan remaja berhubungan dengan kelahiran prematur, mencapai 2,6 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelompok usia dewasa di Vietnam, BBLR sebesar 12%, dan FGR. Hasil lainnya seperti anemia, preeklamsia, hipertensi, eklamsia, infeksi, SMM, dan APGAR rendah memiliki hasil yang bervariasi. Penguatan pencegahan kehamilan remaja dan pelayanan ANC perlu dipertimbangkan sebagai bagian dari strategi kesehatan masyarakat.
The Risk of Pregnancy and Childbirth Complicationsin Adolescent Pregnancies: A Literature Review
Abstract
Adolescent pregnancy is still a national and global reproductive health issue influenced by inadequate reproductive health knowledge, early marriage, and socioeconomic factors. WHO states that in developing countries, round 21 million teens aged 15-19 get pregnant and half of them give birth. Based on research data from Indonesia by Bappenas in 2025, 19.7 per 1,000 live births were to adolescent girls aged 15-19 years. Although studies indicate an increased risk of complications, the strength of the association has not been consistent due to differences in study characteristics. Therefore, a synthesis of the risks of pregnancy and childbirth complications in adolescent pregnancies is required. The aim of this study was to examine the risk of pregnancy and childbirth complications in adolescent pregnancies. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA method. Data were obtained from Scopus, PubMed and ScienceDirect, using the following inclusion criteria: articles published within the last five years, written in English, and research articles, this identified seven eligible articles for the literature review. The results indicate that teenage pregnancy is associated with preterm birth, which is 2.6 times more common than in the adult age group in Vietnam, a low birth weight (LBW) rate of 12 per cent, and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Other outcomes, such as anemia, pre-eclampsia, hypertension, eclampsia, infections, maternal mortality, and low APGAR scores, showed fluctuating results. Strengthening the prevention of teenage pregnancy and healthcare services.
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